How to get the Ubuntu distribution

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How to get the Ubuntu distribution

The Ubuntu project is excited to be working with the ARM ecosystem to port Ubuntu for ARM-based devices. This work fits with our goals of making Ubuntu available as an open platform to as many people as possible. Some points to note:

Overview of How-To

This How-To is meant to be a starting point for people to learn install an Ubuntu image for OMAP3-based IGEP platforms as quickly and easily as possible.

Unless otherwise noted, this How-To works with the Ubuntu 10.04 but most of the contents are valid also for other GNU/Linux distributions. We do not issue any guarantee that this will work on other distributions.

Requirements

  • A SD card at least 2GB ( recommended 4GB )

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References

Much of this How-To is extracted from different sources. If you would like to read some of the original articles or resources, please visit them and thank the authors:

Ubuntu releases

Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)

First, download the compressed image from http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-netbook/ports/releases/ 

wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-netbook/ports/releases/maverick/release/ubuntu-netbook-10.10-preinstalled-netbook-armel+omap.img.gz

Next, uncompress the image with 

gunzip ubuntu-netbook-10.10-preinstalled-netbook-armel+omap.img.gz

Then write the raw image to a blank SD card (the card size should be >2G) 

sudo dd if=<uncompressed image> of=/dev/mmcblk0  # change /dev/mmcblk0 with appropriate device

Current boot file system (x-loader + u-boot + kernel) not works, so we need to replace. First download and extract this package 

wget http://people.canonical.com/~mpoirier/linux-image-2.6.35-22-omap_2.6.35-22.34_armel_torez_2.deb
ar -x linux-image-2.6.35-22-omap_2.6.35-22.34_armel_torez_2.deb
tar jxf data.tar.bz2
sudo cp -fr boot lib usr /media/<rootfs>      # change <rootfs> with appropriate SD rootfs partition

then, create an uImage file with 

mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x80008000 -e 0x80008000 -n "Linux" -d boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-omap uImage
cp uImage /media/<bootfs>     # change <bootfs> with appropriate SD boot partition

next, download and copy x-loader from 

wget http://downloads.igep.es/binaries/x-loader/v1.4.4-0/x-load-1.4.4-0.igep0020-sdcard.bin.ift
cp x-load-1.4.4-0.igep0020-sdcard.bin.ift /media/<bootfs>/MLO     # change <bootfs> with appropriate SD boot partition

and finally, do the same with u-boot 

wget http://downloads.igep.es/binaries/u-boot-arm/v2010.06-0/u-boot-arm-2010.06-0.igep0020.bin
cp u-boot-arm-2010.06-0.igep0020.bin /media/<bootfs>/u-boot.bin      # change <bootfs> with appropriate SD boot partition

The last step is copy boot.scr to boot.ini 

cp /media/<bootfs>/boot.scr /media/<bootfs>/boot.ini     # change <bootfs> with appropriate SD boot partition

Umount bootfs and rootfs partitions, push your SD card in your IGEP socket, power up and enjoy !

System Testing and known issues

Tips and tricks

Upgrade kernel to 2.6.35-23

Donwload and copy the 2.6.35-23 kernel 

wget http://downloads.igep.es/ubuntu/maverick/linux-image-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb
sudo cp linux-image-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb /media/<rootfs>      # change <rootfs> with appropriate SD rootfs partition

Boot up your Ubuntu , open a terminal and install 

sudo dpkg -i linux-image-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb

Reboot your system, now the ethernet an wifi should work.

Note: Some users have encountered that after kernel update still booting the old kernel, to solve this issue do: 

mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0 -e 0 -n initramfs -d /media/<rootfs>/boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-23-omap /media/<bootfs>/uInitrd
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x80008000 -e 0x80008000 -n 2.6.35-23-omap -d /media/<rootfs>/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-omap /media/<bootfs>/uImage
How to get SGX Video Acceleration (under construction, not tested yet)

src: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/OMAP/Graphics

First we'll install kernel headers 

wget http://downloads.igep.es/ubuntu/maverick/linux-headers-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb
sudo dpkg --install --force-depends linux-headers-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb

Activate the universe and multiverse repositories, then install the following packages: 

sudo apt-get install libegl1-sgx-omap3 libgles1-sgx-omap3 libgles2-sgx-omap3

Before using it just be sure your user is also included at 'video' group. 

sudo adduser <your user> video

Now you can test the SGX with a DEMO, grab and untar the SDK Demo Package 

wget http://neuvoo.org/neuvoo/distfiles/SGX-3.01.00.07-SDK.tar.gz
tar xzf SGX-3.01.00.07-SDK.tar.gz

Then to run the demos just get into the X11 Binaries directory (e.g. OGLES/SDKPackage/Binaries/CommonX11/Demos/EvilSkull) and run the demo: 

./OGLESEvilSkull
How to cross build ubuntu maverick kernel from sources

Create a script for setting the environment 

echo "Setting environment for armel cross-compile"
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
export PATH=<path to cross compiler>:$PATH  (set the correct path to cross compiler)  
export DEB_BUILD_ARCH=armel
export DEB_HOST_ARCH=armel

Clone the ubuntu maverick repository 

git clone git://kernel.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-maverick.git
cd ubuntu-maverick

Setup the environment and run ... 

source armconfig
fakeroot debian/rules clean
fakeroot debian/rules binary-omap

The resulting two .deb files will be located in ../

Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)

Make a bootable MMC card on Linux

Thanks to Graeme Gregory and Steve Sakoman, you can now use a script to automate the tedious process of creating a bootable SD/microSD card.

Take care if you do not have your system in English. You have to change the word "Disk" in the former script, line #10 with the translation in the language of your system.

Having followed this excellent tutorial it's time to mount your SD card boot partition (/media/boot). With your preferred editor create a boot-ini.source file like this. 

# Set bootargs for ubuntu MMC boot
setenv bootargs 'console=ttyS2,115200n8 console=tty0 omapfb.mode=dvi:1024x768MR-16@60 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait '
# Read kernel from OneNAND
onenand read 80200000 280000 400000 
# and boot ...
bootm 80200000

And use the mkimage tool to convert this file into a script image which can be executed using U-Boot's source command. 

$ source /usr/local/poky/eabi-glibc/arm/environment-setup
$ mkimage -A arm -O linux -T script -C none -a 0 -e 0 -n 'Boot setup script' -d boot-ini.source boot.ini

If you are not using IGEP's virtual machine, you can download and install the Poky SDK from http://www.igep.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=99&Itemid=112&dir=/var/www/vhosts/igep.es/httpdocs/downloads/01-ISEE_Products/IGEPv2/SW_Releases/poky/purple-3.2/v3.2.1-0/sdk once logged in. This will provide the /usr/local/poky directory. If you use this option, the appropriate source command is source /usr/local/poky/eabi-glibc/environment-setup-arm-none-linux-gnueabi.

The result will be a boot.ini file which you will copy to SD card boot partition 

$ cp boot.ini /media/boot

Get a copy of a ARM ubuntu root file system

In order to get a copy of a ARM ubuntu root file system, you will need to install qemu and a recent version of debootstrap and the qemu package. On some systems you may also need the qemu-kvm-extras package to run the ARM emulation. 

$ sudo apt-get install qemu
$ sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm-extras
$ wget http://ports.ubuntu.com/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_1.0.12_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i debootstrap_1.0.12_all.deb

Next, you will download a helper program to build the rootfs 

$ wget http://launchpad.net/project-rootstock/trunk/0.1/+download/rootstock-0.1.3.tar.gz
$ tar xzf rootstock-0.1.3.tar.gz
$ cd rootstock-0.1.3

The following example will create a tarball of ubuntu-desktop based image for your target device: 

$ sudo ./rootstock --fqdn ubuntu --login jdoe --password letmein --imagesize 3G --seed ubuntu-desktop --dist jaunty

Typical images (example settings):

To build a xubuntu-desktop image use the following options: 

  --imagesize 2G --seed xubuntu-desktop

For an ubuntu-desktop image (a similar size is needed if you want a kubuntu image): 

  --imagesize 3G --seed ubuntu-desktop

A typical remote development comandline environment if you run an armel board headless (note that you should edit /etc/network/interfaces and set up your network device on first login for this): 

  --imagesize 3G --seed build-essential,openssh-server

A very light desktop (lxde): 

  --seed lxde,gdm

This step can take a long time. For example, building ubuntu-desktop on a Celeron 1.6GHz laptop takes approximately 10 hours. When it is finished, a file named armel-rootfs-[date].tgz will be in your working directory.

Next, mount your SD card ext3 partition (/media/rootfs) and untar the rootfs 

$ sudo tar xzf armel-rootfs-[date].tgz -C /media/rootfs

Finally, umount the SD card, insert the card in your board and power up.

--- That's all folks ---

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