= Introduction Overview=This how to explains how to '''create a microSD card''' to boot IGEP boards with '''software distributions ( yocto, Ubuntu, Debian ...)'''.
This how to explains how to boot IGEPv2 or IGEP Module using a microSD card. __TOC__
== Theory ==OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5, iMX6 processors can boot from a microSD. All IGEP boards use the microSD card as highest boot priority, it means that the processor try to boot from the microsd card before try to boot from other devices such the OneNand, Nand, SSD or eMMC.
OMAP35xx or DM37xx processors can Exist some rules to boot from a microSD. IGEPv2 or IGEP Module uses the microSD card as highest boot priority, it means that the processor try to boot from the microsd card before try to boot from other devices such the OneNand.
Exist some rules for ===Texas Instruments Processors===* The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions.* The first one must be primary partition with the boot from flag mark and formated using FAT(16 or 32) file system.* All names used in this partition must be msdos names (applies to OLD OMAP35xx processor).* The processor must load a microSD cardfirst program called '''MLO''', this program must reside in the first partition, this program it's also called '''x-loader or uboot-spl. '''
*''The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions. *The first one must be primary partition with the processor when boot flag mark ONLY load and formated using FAT file system. *All names used in this partition must be msdos names, it means you cannot use a extended names. *The processor must load a first program called '''execute the MLO''', this program must reside in and ignore all the first partition, this program rest it's also called '''xthe X-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approach.'''
''===Freescale-NXP Processors===* The microsd card must be content at latest 1 partitions.* The primary partition can be formatted with any filesystem that u-boot can mount.* The processor ONLY Processor will load and execute the MLO program and ignore all the rest it's the X''u-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approachboot.imx'''it include the SPL and u-boot.
== Prerequisites ==''After load this u-boot.imx, u-boot will be ready for boot the kernel.''
*PC Therefore, we are going to '''setup a microSD card with Linux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 11.04) *MicroSD Card (4 Gbytes - class 4) *Tools such, fdisk, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.vfat, gparted ... *ToolChainthese requirements''' and '''install a custom software distribution''' into it.
== ToolChain<br> Prerequisites==* PC with Linux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)* MicroSD Card (4 Gbytes - class 4) or bigger ...* Tools such, fdisk, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.vfat, gparted ...* Cross Toolchain included in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS gcc version 4.9.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.3-13ubuntu2).
We will use the ==ToolChain==* Read: [[Ubuntu/Linaro 16.04 LTS Toolchain in this howto. ]]
You can install it using synaptic package manager. [[Image:LinaroUbuntu ToolChain.png|center|544x344px]] == Preparing the microSD card ==Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using:
Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using:
<pre>sudo dmesg -c</pre>
Now insert a new microsd card in your PC and then check your dmesg:
<pre>dmesg</pre>
You should see something like this:
<pre>mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0001
mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 3.79 GiB
mmcblk0: unknown partition table
</pre> Ensure all in your microsd card it's erased:<br>
<pre>$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1024 count=1024
[sudo] password for jdoe:
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.43556 s, 2.4 MB/s</pre> == Install GParted == We will use the gparted program for create the partitions, if you don't have this program installed then you must install it with this command: <pre>sudo apt-get install gparted</pre> == GParted and Creation of Partitions ==
When ==Install GParted==We will use the install procedure ends gparted program for create the partitions, if you can call the don't have this program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal console. installed then you must install it with this command:
=== [[Image:Gparted initial.png|thumb|center]]Create the MSDOS Partition Table ===<pre>sudo apt-get install gparted</pre>
The next step it's create the msdos table partition for it you should click in the "Device" menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" option.
[[Image:Gparted create msdos table partition.png|thumb|center]]Check ==GParted and Creation of Partitions==When the install procedure ends you can call the default option it's create program from your system tools menu or directly using a msdos partition tableterminal console.<br>
After that you can '''Apply'''[[Image:Gparted initial. png|thumb|center]]
=== Create the BOOT MSDOS Partition Table===The next step it's create the msdos table partition for it you should click in the "Device" menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" option.
The Next step [[Image:Gparted create msdos table partition.png|thumb|center]]Check the default option it's create the partitions for it you should go to the a msdos partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this: table.
[[Image:Gparted create first partitionAfter that you can '''Apply'''.png|thumb|center]]We will configure the partition as:<br>
*Primary Partition<br>
*Format: FAT32<br>
*Size: 100 MegaBytes<br>
*Label: Boot<br>
*'''Align to: cylinder'''
<br> We must "add" the partition and gparted shows a partitions structure like this:
[[Image:Gparted configure boot partition===Create the BOOT Partition - IGEP Texas Instruments Processor based===<u>This Step it's only for OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5432 processor based IGEP boards.png|thumb|center]] </u>
It is recommended to ''The Next step it'apply changes''' now or s create the partitions for it you might get an error later. should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:
=== Create [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]]We will configure the ROOTFS Partition ===partition as:
The Next step it* Primary Partition* Format: FAT32* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Free Space Preceding: 0 MiB* Label: Boot* '''Align to: cylinder'''s create the root file system partition.
First It is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you should select the unallocated partition area and then you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:<br> [[Image:Gparted create first partitionmight get an error later.png|thumb|center]] We will configure the rootfs partition as:<br>
*Primary ===Create the BOOT Partition<br> - IGEP NXP-Freescale Processor based===*Format: EXT4<bru> *Size: All the Rest<br> *Label: Rootfs''This Step it's only for iMX6 processor based IGEP boards.<br/u>'''
At end we will click on The Next step it's create the partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "AddNew" button. option then the application show a window like this:
[[ImageFile:Gparted all configuredimx6-primary-part.png|thumb|center]]
=== Apply all Changes ===We will configure the partition as:
Click on apply button in the main menu after that gparted show a window like this for confirm all operations * Primary Partition* Format: FAT32* Free Space Preceding: 8 MiB* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Label: Boot* '''Align to: cylinder'''
[[Image:Gparted apply changes.png|thumb|center]]We should click on apply button.
[[Image:Gparted It is recommended to '''apply informationchanges''' now or you might get an error later.png|thumb|center]]When the process finish we can see all changes applied
[[Image:Gparted operations complete===Create the ROOTFS Partition===The Next step it's create the root file system partition.png|thumb|center]]
Now we can see all partitions First you should select the unallocated partition area and configurations done in then you should go to the main gparted partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:<br /> [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]] We will configure the rootfs partition as:
=== [[Image* Primary Partition* Format:Gparted partitions done.png|thumb|center]]Select "Boot flag" for EXT4* Size: All the boot partition ===Rest* Label: Rootfs'''<br />'''
Now At end we must select the boot flag for the first partition for it we use the right mouse button over the boot partition and select will click on "Manage FlagsAdd" option button.
[[Image:Gparted boot flagall configured.png|thumb|center]]Now we have the microsd prepared for copy the boot files
= Boot Partition Structure =or
We commented in the theory point the OMAP needs only the MLO (x-loader) file for boot, we will start checking this point[[File:imx6_str. png|thumb|center]]
Before you follow the next points you should mount the microsd boot partition in your host pc. After all apply all changes
===Select "Boot flag" for the boot partition===Now we must select the boot flag for the first partition for it we use the right mouse button over the boot partition and mount it in your host. select "Manage Flags" option
[[Image:Microsd partitions.png|thumb|center]] <br> == X-Loader (MLO)<br> == You can follow this other howto about the [[The IGEP X-loader|IGEP-X-loader]]. <pre>We will compile the sources from our git repository: $/home/jdoe> git clone git://git.igep.es/pub/scm/igep-x-loader.git $/home/jdoe> cd igep-x-loader $/home/jdoe/igep-x-loader> make igep00x0_config $/home/jdoe/igep-x-loader> make $/home/jdoe/igep-x-loader> contrib/signGP</span></pre> Copy the x-loader.bin.ift into the Gparted boot partition. [[Image:Copy Xloader.png|thumb|center]] Rename the x-loader.bin.ift to MLO<br> [[Image:Rename Xloader to MLOflag.png|thumb|center]]Now we're ready for test the board boot from have the microsd card. === X-Loader Boot === We will eject the boot and rootfs partitions from our Host PC, this step it's a lot important due the Linux must sync all changes before eject the microsd card. We will insert our microSD card into the IGEP board, connect the serial debug cable and open the serial terminal [[Image:Putty Serial Configuration.png|thumb|center]]Power UP the board. [[Image:IGEP-X-Loader Boot.png|thumb|center]] === Configure the IGEP-X-Loader === You can use a file like this: <pre>[kernel]; Kernel load address, NOT Modifykaddress=0x80008000; RAM disk load Address, NOT Modify;rdaddress=0x84000000; Board Serial IDserial.low=00000001serial.high=00000000; Board Revisionrevision=0003; Kernel Image NamekImageName=zImage; Kernel RAM Disk Image Name;kRdImageName=initrd.img-2.6.35-1010-linaro-omapMachineID=xxxx Where Machine ID = 2344 prepared for IGEPv2 and ID = 2717 for IGEP Module [kparams];buddy=igep0022;buddy=base0010; Setup the Kernel console paramsconsole=ttyS2,115200n8; Enable early printk;earlyprintk=serial,ttyS2,115200; Setup the Board Memory Configurationmem=430M;mem=512M; Setup copy the Boot Delayboot_delay=0; Setup the ARM Processor Speed;mpurate=800; Setup the loglevel;loglevel=7; Enable Kernel Debug Output;debug=1; Fix RTC Variable;fixrtc=1; Configure nocompcache variablenocompcache=1; Configure Frame Buffer Configuration;omapfb.mode=dvi:1280x720MR-16@60omapfb.mode=dvi:hd720-16@60; Configure Video Ram assignedvram=40M; Configure Video RAM assigned to every frame bufferomapfb.vram=0:12M,1:16M,2:12M; Configure frame buffer debug output;omapfb.debug=1; Configure DSS Video Debug option;omapdss.debug=1; Configure the Board Ethernet Mac Addresssmsc911x.mac=0xb2,0xb0,0x14,0xb5,0xcd,0xde; --- Configure UBI FS boot --- ;ubi.mtd=2 ;root=ubi0:igep0020-rootfs ;rootfstype=ubifs; --- Configure NFS boot --- ;ip=192.168.2.123:192.168.2.129:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:;root=/dev/nfs;nfsroot=192.168.2.129:/srv/nfs/igep_rootfs; --- Configure MMC boot --- root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait; Assign Init program;init=/bin/bashfiles
</pre> ==MLO + u-boot IGEP Boards Texas Instruments based boards==Create a new file into After build or download the MLO and u-boot partition named igep.ini with these content and save you should follow the file.next steps:
== Kernel & Rootfs ==* Copy MLO and u-boot.img to primary boot partition
$ cp MLO u-boot.img /media/user/bootYou can follow this other howto about [[The Linux kernelU-Boot Texas Instruments Series|how compile and install the Linux KernelHowTo]]. if you want build the MLO and u-boot
In our case we build the kernel sources from zero:<br> ==u-boot.imx IGEP Boards based on NXP-Freescale Processors==<pre>a) Clone the Kernel git repository* Copy u-boot.imx using dd before primary partition in raw mode as
$ sudo dd if=/home/jdoeuser/> git clone git:u-boot-imx/u-boot.imx of=/git.igep.esdev/pubsde bs=512 seek=2Where /scmdev/linux-omap-2.6.gitsde is your microsd card
$/home/jdoe> cd linuxYou can follow this [[U-omapboot Freescale-2NXP iMX6 Series|HowTo ]]if you want build the u-boot.6imx
b) Checkout your desired branch (we used for ==Kernel==You can follow this other howto 2about [[The Linux kernel|how compile and install the Linux Kernel]].6.37.y)
$==Root File System==In this tutorial we will use the [http:/home/jdoedownloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linuxlinaro/releases/linaro-omapm-headless-tar-20101108-2.6tar.gz linaro headless]>nbsp; git checkout origin/linux-2.6.37.y -b linux-2-6-37(soft floating) image as rootfs but you can use your favorite rootfs also.y
c) Configure the kernel<br /> {{Message/Information Message|message=Here there are many articles about how to get '''many other [[:Category:Software distributions|software distributions]]'''.}}
$<br /home> Here you've the [http:/jdoe/linuxdownloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linaro/releases/linaro-11.09-nano-omapn-2tar-20110929-0.6tar.gz linaro nano 11.09]>nbsp; make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- igep00x0_defconfig(soft floating) available for download from the ISEE server.
d) Build Notes: You must build your programs with the kernel and Moduleshard floating if your rootfs is build with it.
$/home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- zImage modules</pre> Notes: The kernel binary resides inside the directory: $/home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6/arch/arm/boot/'''zImage''' IGEPv5 must use Hard floating Rootfs
We will use the [http://downloads.igep.es/files/linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz linaro headless] image as rootfs but you can use your favorite rootfs also.
Here you've the [http://downloads.igep.es/files/linaro-11.09-nano-n-tar-20110929-0.tar.gz linaro nano 11.09] available for download from our server.
=== Create the Rootfs mount point ===Go to /media directory and create one sub-folder called "binary"
Go to /media directory and create one sub-folder called "binary"
<pre>$ cd /media
$ sudo mkdir binary
</pre> === Mount the RootFS partition ===Mount the rootfs partition using the 'binary' directory
Mount the rootfs partition using the 'binary' directory
<pre>$ media > sudo mount /dev/mmcblkp2 /media/binary
</pre> === Untar the rootfs package ===Copy "linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz" file inside the /media directory and untar the file
Copy "linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz" file inside the /media directory and untar the file <pre>$ media > sudo tar xvfz linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz</pre> <br
/> Now you should see inside your rootfs partition a similar structure like this.
<br> === [[Image:Linaro RootFS.png|thumb|center]]Install the kernel modules<br> ===Now you should install your kernel modules inside your root file system.
Now you should install your kernel modules inside your root file system.<br>
<pre>$ media > cd /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6
$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/media/binary
</pre>
Alternatively if you downloaded the binary package uncompress it inside the directory /media/binary
</pre> === Install the kernel Image<br> ===Just copy the zImage inside your boot partition, remember before that you must mount your mmc boot partition.
Just copy the zImage inside your boot partition, remember before that you must mount your mmc boot partition.<br>
<pre>$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo cp arch/arm/boot/zImage /media/boot/
</pre> After that if you're using dtb kernel as 3.8.y you can unmount must copy the boot dtb too.$ /home/jdoe/linuz-omap-2.6&gt; rootfs partitionssudo cp arch/arm/boot/dtbs/omap5-igep0050. dtb /media/boot
Now we're ready for test our new microsd card<br/pre>After that you can unmount the boot & rootfs partitions.
= Test your Now we're ready for test our new MicroSD<br> =microsd card
=Test your new MicroSD=
You can test your new microSD card with a Serial client such as PuTTy. [[Using serial debug port to communicate|Here]] is an explanation about how to configure it.
(Note that speed should be configured to 115200 bauds). If you already have configured it or you are using another Serial client and you have connected the Serial cable to the IGEPv2 board, then you are ready to test your microSD. Insert the microSD in your IGEPv2 board and power up the board.
If you already have configured it or you are using another Serial client and you have connected the Serial cable to the IGEPv2 board, then you are ready to test your microSD[[Image:Linaro Boot1. png|thumb|center]][[Image:Linaro Boot2.png|thumb|center]]
Insert the microSD in your IGEPv2 board and power up the board.
[[Image:Linaro Boot1.png|thumb|center]][[Image:Linaro Boot2.png|thumb|center]]
= Related articles =* [[Boot up sequence]]* [[Update the PRE-INSTALLED software image to a current release]]* [[The Linux kernel]]
*[[Boot up sequence]]{{Message/Forum}}
[[Category:How_to_forgeBoot loaders]][[Category:TutorialsSoftware]][[Category:Software applicationsdistributions]]