= Introduction Overview=This how to explains how to '''create a microSD card''' to boot IGEP boards with '''software distributions ( yocto, Ubuntu, Debian ...)'''.
This how to explains how to boot IGEPv2 or IGEP Module using a microSD card. __TOC__
== Theory ==OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5, iMX6 processors can boot from a microSD. All IGEP boards use the microSD card as highest boot priority, it means that the processor try to boot from the microsd card before try to boot from other devices such the OneNand, Nand, SSD or eMMC.
OMAP35xx or DM37xx processors can Exist some rules to boot from a microSD. IGEPv2 or IGEP Module uses the microSD card as highest boot priority, it means that the processor try to boot from the microsd card before try to boot from other devices such the OneNand.
Exist some rules for ===Texas Instruments Processors===* The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions.* The first one must be primary partition with the boot from flag mark and formated using FAT(16 or 32) file system.* All names used in this partition must be msdos names (applies to OLD OMAP35xx processor).* The processor must load a microSD cardfirst program called '''MLO''', this program must reside in the first partition, this program it's also called '''x-loader or uboot-spl. '''
*''The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions. *The first one must be primary partition with the processor when boot flag mark ONLY load and formated using FAT filesystem. *All names used in this partition must be msdos names, it means you cannot use a extended names. *The processor must load a first program called '''execute the MLO''', this program must reside in and ignore all the first partition, this program rest it's also called '''xthe X-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approach.'''
''===Freescale-NXP Processors===* The microsd card must be content at latest 1 partitions.* The primary partition can be formatted with any filesystem that u-boot can mount.* The processor ONLY Processor will load and execute the MLO program and ignore all the rest'''u-boot.imx''' it include the SPL and u-boot.
== Prerequisites ==''After load this u-boot.imx, u-boot will be ready for boot the kernel.''
*PC Therefore, we are going to '''setup a microSD card with Linux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 11.04) *MicroSD Card (4 Gbytes - class 4) *Tools such, fdisk, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.vfat, gparted ..these requirements''' and '''install a custom software distribution''' into it.
<br> ==Prerequisites==* PC with Linux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)* MicroSD Card (4 Gbytes - class 4) or bigger ...* Tools such, fdisk, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.vfat, gparted ...* Cross Toolchain included in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS gcc version 4.9.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.3-13ubuntu2).
==ToolChain==* Read: [[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Toolchain]] == Preparing the microSD card ==Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using: <pre>sudo dmesg -c</pre>Now insert a new microsd card in your PC and then check your dmesg: <pre>dmesg</pre>You should see something like this:
Insert a new microsd card in your PC, you should see in your dmesg somthing like this after insert a new microsd card:
<pre>mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0001
mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 3.79 GiB
mmcblk0: unknown partition table
</pre> Ensure all in your microsd card it's erased:<br>
<pre>$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1024 count=1024
[sudo] password for jdoe:
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.43556 s, 2.4 MB/s</pre> == Install GParted ==
==Install GParted==We will use the gparted program for create the partitions, if you don't have this program installed then you must install it with this command: <pre>sudo apt-get install gparted</pre> == GParted ==
When the <pre>sudo apt-get install procedure ends you can call the program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal console. gparted</pre>
=== [[Image:Gparted initial.png|thumb|center]]Create the MSDOS Partition Table ===
The next step it's create ==GParted and Creation of Partitions==When the msdos table partition for it install procedure ends you should click in can call the "Device" program from your system tools menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" optionor directly using a terminal console.
[[Image:Gparted create msdos table partitioninitial.png|thumb|center]]Check the default option it's create a msdos partition table after that you can apply.
=== Create the BOOT MSDOS Partition Table===The next step it's create the msdos table partition for it you should click in the "Device" menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" option.
The Next step [[Image:Gparted create msdos table partition.png|thumb|center]]Check the default option it's create the partitions for it you should go to the a msdos partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this: table.
[[Image:Gparted create first partitionAfter that you can '''Apply'''.png|thumb|center]]We will configure the partition as:<br>
*Primary Partition<br>
*Format: FAT32<br>
*Size: 100 MegaBytes<br>
*Label: Boot<br>
*'''Align to: cylinder'''
<br>
[[Image:Gparted configure boot partition.png|thumb|center]]We must "add" ===Create the partition and gparted shows a partitions structure like thisBOOT Partition - IGEP Texas Instruments Processor based===<u>This Step it's only for OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5432 processor based IGEP boards. </u>
=== Create The Next step it's create the ROOTFS Partition ===partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:
The Next step it's [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]]We will configure the root filesystem partition. as:
First you should select the unallocated partition area and then you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this* Primary Partition* Format: FAT32* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Free Space Preceding:<br> [[Image0 MiB* Label:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]] We will configure the rootfs partition asBoot* '''Align to:<br> cylinder'''
*Primary Partition<br> *Format: EXT4<br> *Size: All the Rest<br> *Label: Rootfs<br> *It is recommended to '''Align to: cylinderapply changes'''now or you might get an error later.
At end we will click on "Add" button===Create the BOOT Partition - IGEP NXP-Freescale Processor based===<u>This Step it's only for iMX6 processor based IGEP boards. </u>
[[ImageThe Next step it's create the partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:Gparted all configured.png|thumb|center]]
=== Apply all Changes ===[[File:imx6-primary-part.png|thumb|center]]
Clink on Apply changes button in We will configure the main menu after that gparted show a window like this for confirm all operations partition as:
[[Image* Primary Partition* Format:Gparted apply changes.png|thumb|center]]We should click on apply button. FAT32* Free Space Preceding: 8 MiB* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Label: Boot* '''Align to: cylinder'''
[[Image:Gparted apply information.png|thumb|center]]When the process finish we can see all changes applied
[[Image:Gparted operations completeIt is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you might get an error later.png|thumb|center]]
Now we can see all partitions and configurations done in ===Create the main gparted window ROOTFS Partition===The Next step it's create the root file system partition.
=== First you should select the unallocated partition area and then you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:<br /> [[Image:Gparted partitions donecreate first partition.png|thumb|center]]Select "Boot flag" for We will configure the boot rootfs partition ===as:
Now we must select * Primary Partition* Format: EXT4* Size: All the boot flag for the first partition for it we use the right mouse button over the boot partition and select "Manage Flags" option Rest* Label: Rootfs'''<br />'''
[[Image:Gparted boot flagAt end we will click on "Add" button.png|thumb|center]]Now we have the microsd prepared for copy the boot files
= Boot Partition Structure =[[Image:Gparted all configured.png|thumb|center]]
We commented in the theory point the OMAP needs only the MLO (x-loader) file for boot, we will start checking this point. or
Before you follow the next points you should mount the microsd boot partition in your host pc[[File:imx6_str. png|thumb|center]]
Select the boot partition and mount it in your host. After all apply all changes
[[Image:Microsd partitions.png|thumb|center]] ===Select "Boot flag" for the boot partition===Now we must select the boot flag for the first partition for it we use the right mouse button over the boot partition and select "Manage Flags" option
<br> [[Image:Gparted boot flag.png|thumb|center]]Now we have the microsd prepared for copy the boot files
== XMLO + u-Loader (MLO)<br> boot IGEP Boards Texas Instruments based boards==After build or download the MLO and u-boot you should follow the next steps:
You can follow this other howto about the [[The IGEP X* Copy MLO and u-loader|IGEP-X-loader]]boot. img to primary boot partition
Copy the x $ cp MLO u-loaderboot.bin.ift into img /media/user/bootYou can follow this [[U-Boot Texas Instruments Series|HowTo]] if you want build the MLO and u-boot partition.
[[Image:==u-boot.imx IGEP Boards based on NXP-Freescale Processors==* Copy Xloaderu-boot.png|thumb|center]] imx using dd before primary partition in raw mode as
Rename the x sudo dd if=/home/user/u-loader.binboot-imx/u-boot.ift to MLO<br> imx of=/dev/sde bs=512 seek=2Where /dev/sde is your microsd card
You can follow this [[Image:Rename Xloader to MLO.png|thumbU-boot Freescale-NXP iMX6 Series|centerHowTo ]]Now we're ready for test if you want build the board u-boot from the microsd card. imx
=== X-Loader Boot =Kernel==You can follow this other howto about [[The Linux kernel|how compile and install the Linux Kernel]].
We ==Root File System==In this tutorial we will eject use the boot and [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linaro/releases/linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz linaro headless] (soft floating) image as rootfs partitions from our Host PC, this step it's a lot important due the Linux must sync all changes before eject the microsd cardbut you can use your favorite rootfs also.
We will insert our microSD card into the IGEP board, connect the serial debug cable and open the serial terminal <br /> {{Message/Information Message|message=Here there are many articles about how to get '''many other [[:Category:Software distributions|software distributions]]'''.}}
<br /> Here you've the [[Imagehttp:Putty Serial Configuration//downloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linaro/releases/linaro-11.09-nano-n-tar-20110929-0.tar.gz linaro nano 11.png|thumb|center]09]Power UP (soft floating) available for download from the boardISEE server.
[[ImageNotes:IGEP-X-Loader BootYou must build your programs with the hard floating if your rootfs is build with it.png|thumb|center]]
=== Configure the IGEP-X-Loader ===Notes: IGEPv5 must use Hard floating Rootfs
You can use a file like this:
<pre>[kernel]
; Kernel load address, NOT Modify
kaddress=0x80008000
; RAM disk load Address, NOT Modify
;rdaddress=0x84000000
; Board Serial ID
serial.low=00000001
serial.high=00000000
; Board Revision
revision=0003
; Kernel Image Name
kImageName=zImage
; Kernel RAM Disk Image Name
;kRdImageName=initrd.img-2.6.35-1010-linaro-omap
[kparams]
; Setup the Kernel console params
console=ttyS2,115200n8
; Enable early printk
;earlyprintk=serial,ttyS2,115200
; Setup the Board Memory Configuration
mem=430M
;mem=512M
; Setup the Boot Delay
boot_delay=0
; Setup the ARM Processor Speed
;mpurate=800
; Setup the loglevel
;loglevel=7
; Enable Kernel Debug Output
;debug=1
; Fix RTC Variable
;fixrtc=1
; Configure nocompcache variable
nocompcache=1
; Configure Frame Buffer Configuration
;omapfb.mode=dvi:1280x720MR-16@60
omapfb.mode=dvi:hd720-16@60
; Configure Video Ram assigned
vram=40M
; Configure Video RAM assigned to every frame buffer
omapfb.vram=0:12M,1:16M,2:12M
; Configure frame buffer debug output
;omapfb.debug=1
; Configure DSS Video Debug option
;omapdss.debug=1
; Configure the Board Ethernet Mac Address
smsc911x.mac=0xb2,0xb0,0x14,0xb5,0xcd,0xde
; --- Configure UBI FS boot ---
;ubi.mtd=2
;root=ubi0:igep0020-rootfs
;rootfstype=ubifs
; --- Configure NFS boot ---
;ip=192.168.2.123:192.168.2.129:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:
;root=/dev/nfs
;nfsroot=192.168.2.129:/srv/nfs/igep_rootfs
; --- Configure MMC boot ---
root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait
; Assign Init program
;init=/bin/bash
</pre>
Create a new file into the boot partition named igep.ini with these content and save the file.
== Kernel & =Create the Rootfs mount point===Go to /media directory and create one sub-folder called "binary"
You can follow this other howto about [[The Linux kernel|how compile and install the Linux Kernel]]. <pre>$ cd /media
In our case we build the kernel sources from zero:<br> $ sudo mkdir binary</pre>a) Clone the Kernel git repository
$/home/jdoe/> git clone git://git.igep.es/pub/scm/linux-omap-2.6.git===Mount the RootFS partition===Mount the rootfs partition using the 'binary' directory
<pre>$/home/jdoemedia > cd linux-omap-2.6sudo mount /dev/mmcblkp2 /media/binary</pre>
b) Checkout your desired branch (we used for this howto ===Untar the rootfs package===Copy "linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.6tar.35.y)gz" file inside the /media directory and untar the file
<pre>$/home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6media > git checkout origin/linuxsudo tar xvfz linaro-2.6.35.y m-b linuxheadless-2tar-620101108-352.tar.gz</pre><br /> Now you should see inside your rootfs partition a similar structure like this.y
c) Configure ===[[Image:Linaro RootFS.png|thumb|center]]Install the kernelmodules===Now you should install your kernel modules inside your root file system.
<pre>$media > cd /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- igep0020-defconfig
d) Build $ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/media/binary</pre>Alternatively if you downloaded the kernel and Modulesbinary package uncompress it inside the directory /media/binary
$/home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- =Install the kernel Image===Just copy the zImage modules</pre> Notes: The kernel binary resides inside the directory: $/home/jdoe/linux-omap-2your boot partition, remember before that you must mount your mmc boot partition.6/arch/arm/boot/'''zImage'''
We will use the [http:<pre>$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo cp arch/arm/boot/zImage /media/boot/downloadsif you're using dtb kernel as 3.igep8.esy you must copy the dtb too.$ /home/filesjdoe/linaro-m-headless-tarlinuz-20101108omap-2.tar.gz linaro headless] image as rootfs but you can use your favorite rootfs also6> sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dtbs/omap5-igep0050. dtb /media/boot
=== Create </pre>After that you can unmount the Rootfs mount point ===boot & rootfs partitions.
Go to /media directory and create one subfolder called "binary" <pre>$ cd /mediaNow we're ready for test our new microsd card
$ sudo mkdir binary</pre> === Mount the RootFS partition === Mount the rootfs partition using the 'binary' directory <pre>$ media > sudo mount /dev/mmcblkp2 /media/binary</pre> === Untar the rootfs package ==Test your new MicroSD= Copy "linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz" file inside the /media directory and untar the file <pre>$ media > sudo tar xvfz linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz</pre> <br> Now you should see inside You can test your rootfs partition new microSD card with a similar structure like thisSerial client such as PuTTy.<br> === [[Image:Linaro RootFS.pngUsing serial debug port to communicate|thumb|centerHere]]Install the kernel modules<br> ===is an explanation about how to configure it.
Now you (Note that speed should install your kernel modules inside your root file systembe configured to 115200 bauds).<br> <pre>$ media > cd /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6
$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/media/binary </pre> === Install If you already have configured it or you are using another Serial client and you have connected the kernel Image<br> === Just copy Serial cable to the zImage inside your boot partitionIGEPv2 board, remember before that then you must mount are ready to test your mmc boot partition.<br> <pre>$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo cp arch/arm/boot/zImage /media/boot/</pre> After that you can unmount the boot & rootfs partitionsmicroSD.
Now we're ready for test our new microsd car<br> Insert the microSD in your IGEPv2 board and power up the board.
= Test your new MicroSD<br> =[[Image:Linaro Boot1.png|thumb|center]][[Image:Linaro Boot2.png|thumb|center]]
Insert the microsd in your IGEPv2 board and power up the board.
[[Image:Linaro_Boot1.png|thumb|center]][[Image:Linaro_Boot2.png|thumb|center]]
<br> =Related articles=* [[Boot up sequence]]* [[Update the PRE-INSTALLED software image to a current release]]* [[The Linux kernel]]
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