= Introduction Overview=This how to explains how to '''create a microSD card''' to boot IGEP boards with '''software distributions ( yocto, Ubuntu, Debian ...)'''.
This how to explains how to boot IGEPv2 or IGEP Module using a microSD card. __TOC__
== Theory ==OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5, iMX6 processors can boot from a microSD. All IGEP boards use the microSD card as highest boot priority, it means that the processor try to boot from the microsd card before try to boot from other devices such the OneNand, Nand, SSD or eMMC.
OMAP35xx or DM37xx processors can Exist some rules to boot from a microSD. IGEPv2 or IGEP Module uses the microSD card as highest boot priority, it means that the processor try to boot from the microsd card before try to boot from other devices such the OneNand.
Exist some rules for ===Texas Instruments Processors===* The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions.* The first one must be primary partition with the boot from flag mark and formated using FAT(16 or 32) file system.* All names used in this partition must be msdos names (applies to OLD OMAP35xx processor).* The processor must load a microSD cardfirst program called '''MLO''', this program must reside in the first partition, this program it's also called '''x-loader or uboot-spl. '''
*''The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions. *The first one must be primary partition with the processor when boot flag mark ONLY load and formated using FAT filesystem. *All names used in this partition must be msdos names, it means you cannot use a extended names. *The processor must load a first program called '''execute the MLO''', this program must reside in and ignore all the first partition, this program rest it's also called '''xthe X-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approach.'''
''===Freescale-NXP Processors===* The microsd card must be content at latest 1 partitions.* The primary partition can be formatted with any filesystem that u-boot can mount.* The processor ONLY Processor will load and execute the MLO program and ignore all the rest'''u-boot.imx''' it include the SPL and u-boot.
== Prerequisites ==''After load this u-boot.imx, u-boot will be ready for boot the kernel.''
*PC Therefore, we are going to '''setup a microSD card with Linux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 11.04 *MicroSD Card (4 Gbytes - class 4) *Tools such, fdisk, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.vfat, gparted ..these requirements''' and '''install a custom software distribution''' into it.
<br> ==Prerequisites==* PC with Linux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)* MicroSD Card (4 Gbytes - class 4) or bigger ...* Tools such, fdisk, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.vfat, gparted ...* Cross Toolchain included in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS gcc version 4.9.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.3-13ubuntu2).
==ToolChain==* Read: [[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Toolchain]] == Preparing the microSD card ==Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using: <pre>sudo dmesg -c</pre>Now insert a new microsd card in your PC and then check your dmesg: <pre>dmesg</pre>You should see something like this:
Insert a new microsd card in your PC, you should see in your dmesg somthing like this after insert a new microsd card:
<pre>mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0001
mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 3.79 GiB
mmcblk0: unknown partition table
</pre> Ensure all in your microsd card it's erased:<br>
<pre>$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1024 count=1024
[sudo] password for jdoe:
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.43556 s, 2.4 MB/s</pre> == Install GParted ==We will use the gparted program for create the partitions, if you don't have this program installed then you must install it with this command: <pre>sudo apt-get install gparted</pre> ==GParted and Creation of Partitions==When the install procedure ends you can call the program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal console. [[Image:Gparted initial.png|thumb|center]] ===Create the MSDOS Partition Table===The next step it's create the msdos table partition for it you should click in the "Device" menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" option. [[Image:Gparted create msdos table partition.png|thumb|center]]Check the default option it's create a msdos partition table. After that you can '''Apply'''. ===Create the BOOT Partition - IGEP Texas Instruments Processor based===<u>This Step it's only for OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5432 processor based IGEP boards.</u> The Next step it's create the partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this: [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]]We will configure the partition as: * Primary Partition* Format: FAT32* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Free Space Preceding: 0 MiB* Label: Boot* '''Align to: cylinder''' It is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you might get an error later. ===Create the BOOT Partition - IGEP NXP-Freescale Processor based===<u>This Step it's only for iMX6 processor based IGEP boards.</u> The Next step it's create the partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this: [[File:imx6-primary-part.png|thumb|center]] We will configure the partition as: * Primary Partition* Format: FAT32* Free Space Preceding: 8 MiB* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Label: Boot* '''Align to: cylinder''' It is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you might get an error later. ===Create the ROOTFS Partition===The Next step it's create the root file system partition. First you should select the unallocated partition area and then you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:<br /> [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]] We will configure the rootfs partition as: * Primary Partition* Format: EXT4* Size: All the Rest* Label: Rootfs'''<br />''' At end we will click on "Add" button. [[Image:Gparted all configured.png|thumb|center]] or [[File:imx6_str.png|thumb|center]] After all apply all changes ===Select "Boot flag" for the boot partition===Now we must select the boot flag for the first partition for it we use the right mouse button over the boot partition and select "Manage Flags" option [[Image:Gparted boot flag.png|thumb|center]]Now we have the microsd prepared for copy the boot files ==MLO + u-boot IGEP Boards Texas Instruments based boards==After build or download the MLO and u-boot you should follow the next steps:
We will use the gparted program for create the partitions, if you don't have this program installed then you must install it with this command: <pre>sudo apt* Copy MLO and u-get install gparted</pre> == GParted ==boot.img to primary boot partition
When the install procedure ends $ cp MLO u-boot.img /media/user/bootYou can follow this [[U-Boot Texas Instruments Series|HowTo]] if you can call want build the program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal console. MLO and u-boot
=== [[Image:Gparted initialu-boot.png|thumb|center]]Create the MSDOS Partition Table =imx IGEP Boards based on NXP-Freescale Processors==* Copy u-boot.imx using dd before primary partition in raw mode as
The next step it's create the msdos table partition for it you should click in the "Device" menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" option sudo dd if=/home/user/u-boot-imx/u-boot. imx of=/dev/sde bs=512 seek=2Where /dev/sde is your microsd card
You can follow this [[Image:Gparted create msdos table partition.png|thumbU-boot Freescale-NXP iMX6 Series|centerHowTo ]]Check if you want build the default option it's create a msdos partition table after that you can applyu-boot. imx
==Kernel= Create =You can follow this other howto about [[The Linux kernel|how compile and install the BOOT Partition ===Linux Kernel]].
The Next step it's create ==Root File System==In this tutorial we will use the partitions for it [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linaro/releases/linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz linaro headless] (soft floating) image as rootfs but you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this: can use your favorite rootfs also.
<br /> {{Message/Information Message|message=Here there are many articles about how to get '''many other [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumbCategory:Software distributions|centersoftware distributions]]We will configure the partition as:<br> '''.}}
*Primary Partition<br/> *FormatHere you've the [http: FAT32<br> *Size: 100 MegaBytes<br> *Label: Boot<br>//downloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linaro/releases/linaro-11.09-nano-n-tar-20110929-0.tar.gz linaro nano 11.09] (soft floating) available for download from the ISEE server.
<br> Notes: You must build your programs with the hard floating if your rootfs is build with it.
[[ImageNotes:Gparted configure boot partition.png|thumb|center]]We IGEPv5 must "add" the partition and gparted shows a partitions structure like this. use Hard floating Rootfs
=== Create the ROOTFS Partition ===
The Next step it's create the root filesystem partition.
First you should select ===Create the unallocated partition area and then you should go Rootfs mount point===Go to the partition menu /media directory and select the create one sub-folder called "Newbinary" option then the application show a window like this:<br> [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]] We will configure the rootfs partition as:<br>
*Primary Partition<br> *Format: EXT4<br> *Size: All the Rest<br> *Label: Rootfs<brpre>$ cd /media
At end we will click on "Add" button. $ sudo mkdir binary</pre>
[[Image:Gparted all configured.png|thumb|center]] ===Mount the RootFS partition===Mount the rootfs partition using the 'binary' directory
=== Apply all Changes ===<pre>$ media > sudo mount /dev/mmcblkp2 /media/binary</pre>
Clink on Apply changes button in ===Untar the main menu after that gparted show a window like this for confirm all operations rootfs package===Copy "linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz" file inside the /media directory and untar the file
[[Image:Gparted apply changes<pre>$ media > sudo tar xvfz linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.png|thumb|center]]We tar.gz</pre><br /> Now you should click on apply buttonsee inside your rootfs partition a similar structure like this.
===[[Image:Gparted apply informationLinaro RootFS.png|thumb|center]]When Install the process finish we can see all changes applied kernel modules===Now you should install your kernel modules inside your root file system.
[[Image:Gparted operations complete<pre>$ media > cd /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.png|thumb|center]] 6
Now we can see all partitions and configurations done in $ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/media/binary</pre>Alternatively if you downloaded the main gparted window binary package uncompress it inside the directory /media/binary
=== [[Install the kernel Image:Gparted partitions done.png|thumb|center]]Select "Boot flag" for ===Just copy the zImage inside your boot partition ===, remember before that you must mount your mmc boot partition.
Now we <pre>$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo cp arch/arm/boot/zImage /media/boot/if you're using dtb kernel as 3.8.y you must select copy the dtb too.$ /home/jdoe/linuz-omap-2.6> sudo cp arch/arm/boot flag for the first partition for it we use the right mouse button over the /dtbs/omap5-igep0050.dtb /media/boot partition and select "Manage Flags" option
[[Image:Gparted </pre>After that you can unmount the boot flag& rootfs partitions.png|thumb|center]]Now we have the microsd prepared for copy the boot files
= Boot Partition Structure =Now we're ready for test our new microsd card
We commented in the theory point the OMAP needs only the MLO (x-loader) file for boot, we will start checking this point=Test your new MicroSD=You can test your new microSD card with a Serial client such as PuTTy. [[Using serial debug port to communicate|Here]] is an explanation about how to configure it.
We will download the x-loader sources from ISEE git(Note that speed should be configured to 115200 bauds).
$ git clone git://git.igep.es/pub/scm/x-loader.git<br>Cloning into x-loader...<br>remote: Counting objects: 1433If you already have configured it or you are using another Serial client and you have connected the Serial cable to the IGEPv2 board, done.<br>remote: Compressing objects: 100% (622/622), done.<br>remote: Total 1433 (delta 1054), reused 1128 (delta 809)<br>Receiving objects: 100% (1433/1433), 450.90 KiB, done.<br>Resolving deltas: 100% (1054/1054), donethen you are ready to test your microSD.
Insert the microSD in your IGEPv2 board and power up the board.
[[Image:Linaro Boot1.png|thumb|center]][[Image:Linaro Boot2.png|thumb|center]]
<br><br> =Related articles=* [[Boot up sequence]]* [[Update the PRE-INSTALLED software image to a current release]]* [[The Linux kernel]]
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