View source for How to get the Ubuntu distribution

== How to get the Ubuntu distribution ==
The Ubuntu project is excited to be working with the ARM ecosystem to port Ubuntu for ARM-based devices. This work fits with our goals of making Ubuntu available as an open platform to as many people as possible. Some points to note:

== Overview of How-To ==
This How-To is meant to be a starting point for people to learn install an Ubuntu image for OMAP3-based IGEP platforms as quickly and easily as possible.

Unless otherwise noted, this How-To works with the '''Ubuntu 10.04''' but most of the contents are valid also for other GNU/Linux distributions. We do not issue any guarantee that this will work on other distributions.

== Requirements ==
*A SD card at least 2GB ( recommended 4GB )

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== References ==

Much of this How-To is extracted from different sources. If you would like to read some of the original articles or resources, please visit them and thank the authors:

*The Ubuntu website ( http://www.ubuntu.com )
*Ubuntu on ARM ( http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/arm )
*The rootstock project ( https://launchpad.net/project-rootstock )
*ARM rootfs from scratch ( https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/RootfsFromScratch )

== Ubuntu releases ==

== New Releases  ==

Ubuntu has moved all ARM port images to the new server:

[http://ports.ubuntu.com http://ports.ubuntu.com]

We recomend use this other [https://labs.isee.biz/index.php/How_to_boot_from_MicroSD_Card howto] for install your prefered ubuntu distribution<br>

== Old Releases ==

=== Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)  ===

First, download the compressed image from http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-netbook/ports/releases/ 

 wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-netbook/ports/releases/maverick/release/ubuntu-netbook-10.10-preinstalled-netbook-armel+omap.img.gz

Next, uncompress the image with 

 gunzip ubuntu-netbook-10.10-preinstalled-netbook-armel+omap.img.gz

Then write the raw image to a blank SD card (the card size should be &gt;2G) 

 sudo dd if=&lt;uncompressed image&gt; of=/dev/mmcblk0  # change /dev/mmcblk0 with appropriate device

Current boot file system (x-loader + u-boot + kernel) not works, so we need to replace. First download and extract this package 

 wget https://edge.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/2.6.35-22.33/+buildjob/1970697/+files/linux-image-2.6.35-22-omap_2.6.35-22.33_armel.deb
 ar -x linux-image-2.6.35-22-omap_2.6.35-22.33_armel.deb
 tar jxf data.tar.bz2
 sudo cp -fr boot lib usr /media/&lt;rootfs&gt;      # change &lt;rootfs&gt; with appropriate SD rootfs partition

then, create an uImage file with 

 mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x80008000 -e 0x80008000 -n "Linux" -d boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-omap uImage
 cp uImage /media/&lt;bootfs&gt;     # change &lt;bootfs&gt; with appropriate SD boot partition

next, download and copy x-loader from 

 wget http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/SW_Releases/binaries/x-loader/v1.4.4-3/x-load-1.4.4-3.igep0020-sdcard.bin.ift
 cp x-load-1.4.4-3.igep0020-sdcard.bin.ift /media/&lt;bootfs&gt;/MLO     # change &lt;bootfs&gt; with appropriate SD boot partition

and finally, do the same with u-boot 

 wget http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/SW_Releases/binaries/u-boot-arm/v2010.06-3/u-boot-arm-2010.06-3.igep0020.bin
 cp u-boot-arm-2010.06-3.igep0020.bin /media/&lt;bootfs&gt;/u-boot.bin      # change &lt;bootfs&gt; with appropriate SD boot partition

The last step is copy boot.scr to boot.ini 

 cp /media/&lt;bootfs&gt;/boot.scr /media/&lt;bootfs&gt;/boot.ini     # change &lt;bootfs&gt; with appropriate SD boot partition

Umount bootfs and rootfs partitions, push your SD card in your IGEP socket, power up and enjoy&nbsp;! 

==== System Testing and known issues  ====

*Can't bring up eth0, no network - this is a known issue that has been fixed but may not have been applied yet. 
**https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/645689 (see tips and tricks for solution)

==== Tips and tricks  ====

===== Upgrade kernel to 2.6.35-23  =====

Note: This solves the eth0 issue. 

Donwload and copy the 2.6.35-23 kernel 

 wget http://downloads.igep.es/ubuntu/maverick/linux-image-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb
 sudo cp linux-image-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb /media/&lt;rootfs&gt;      # change &lt;rootfs&gt; with appropriate SD rootfs partition

Boot up your Ubuntu , open a terminal and install 

 sudo dpkg -i linux-image-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb

Reboot your system, now the ethernet an wifi should work. 

'''Note:''' Some users have encountered that after kernel update still booting the old kernel, to solve this issue do: 

 mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0 -e 0 -n initramfs -d /media/&lt;rootfs&gt;/boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-23-omap /media/&lt;bootfs&gt;/uInitrd
 mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x80008000 -e 0x80008000 -n 2.6.35-23-omap -d /media/&lt;rootfs&gt;/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-omap /media/&lt;bootfs&gt;/uImage

===== How to get SGX Video Acceleration (under construction, not tested yet)  =====

src: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/OMAP/Graphics 

First we'll install kernel headers 

 wget http://downloads.igep.es/ubuntu/maverick/linux-headers-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb
 sudo dpkg --install --force-depends linux-headers-2.6.35-23-omap_2.6.35-23.40_armel.deb

Activate the universe and multiverse repositories, then install the following packages: 

 sudo apt-get install libegl1-sgx-omap3 libgles1-sgx-omap3 libgles2-sgx-omap3

Before using it just be sure your user is also included at 'video' group. 

 sudo adduser &lt;your user&gt; video

Now you can test the SGX with a DEMO, grab and untar the SDK Demo Package 

 wget http://neuvoo.org/neuvoo/distfiles/SGX-3.01.00.07-SDK.tar.gz
 tar xzf SGX-3.01.00.07-SDK.tar.gz

Then to run the demos just get into the X11 Binaries directory (e.g. OGLES/SDKPackage/Binaries/CommonX11/Demos/EvilSkull) and run the demo: 

 ./OGLESEvilSkull

===== How to cross build ubuntu maverick kernel from sources  =====

Create a script for setting the environment 

 echo "Setting environment for armel cross-compile"
 export ARCH=arm
 export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
 export PATH=&lt;path to cross compiler&gt;:$PATH  (set the correct path to cross compiler)  
 export DEB_BUILD_ARCH=armel
 export DEB_HOST_ARCH=armel

Clone the ubuntu maverick repository 

 git clone git://kernel.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-maverick.git
 cd ubuntu-maverick

Setup the environment and run ... 

 source armconfig
 fakeroot debian/rules clean
 fakeroot debian/rules binary-omap

The resulting two .deb files will be located in ../

=== Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope) ===

==== Make a bootable MMC card on Linux ====

Thanks to Graeme Gregory and Steve Sakoman, you can now use [http://www.sakoman.com/OMAP3/a-script-for-partitioningformatting-a-bootable-sdmicrosd-card.html a script to automate the tedious process of creating a bootable SD/microSD card.]

Take care if you do not have your system in English. You have to change the word "Disk" in the former script, line #10 with the translation in the language of your system.

Having followed this excellent tutorial it's time to mount your SD card boot partition (/media/boot). With your preferred editor create a boot-ini.source file like this.

 # Set bootargs for ubuntu MMC boot
 setenv bootargs 'console=ttyS2,115200n8 console=tty0 omapfb.mode=dvi:1024x768MR-16@60 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait '
 # Read kernel from OneNAND
 onenand read 80200000 280000 400000 
 # and boot ...
 bootm 80200000

And use the mkimage tool to convert this file into a script image which can be executed using U-Boot's source command. 

 $ source /usr/local/poky/eabi-glibc/arm/environment-setup
 $ mkimage -A arm -O linux -T script -C none -a 0 -e 0 -n 'Boot setup script' -d boot-ini.source boot.ini

If you are not using IGEP's virtual machine, you can download and install the Poky SDK from http://www.igep.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=99&Itemid=112&dir=/var/www/vhosts/igep.es/httpdocs/downloads/01-ISEE_Products/IGEPv2/SW_Releases/poky/purple-3.2/v3.2.1-0/sdk once logged in. This will provide the /usr/local/poky directory. If you use this option, the appropriate source command is <tt>source /usr/local/poky/eabi-glibc/environment-setup-arm-none-linux-gnueabi</tt>.

The result will be a boot.ini file which you will copy to SD card boot partition

 $ cp boot.ini /media/boot

==== Get a copy of a ARM ubuntu root file system ====

In order to get a copy of a ARM ubuntu root file system, you will need to install qemu and a recent version of debootstrap and the qemu package. On some systems you may also need the qemu-kvm-extras package to run the ARM emulation.

 $ sudo apt-get install qemu
 $ sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm-extras
 $ wget http://ports.ubuntu.com/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_1.0.12_all.deb
 $ sudo dpkg -i debootstrap_1.0.12_all.deb

Next, you will download a helper program to build the rootfs

 $ wget http://launchpad.net/project-rootstock/trunk/0.1/+download/rootstock-0.1.3.tar.gz
 $ tar xzf rootstock-0.1.3.tar.gz
 $ cd rootstock-0.1.3

The following example will create a tarball of ubuntu-desktop based image for your target device:

 $ sudo ./rootstock --fqdn ubuntu --login jdoe --password letmein --imagesize 3G --seed ubuntu-desktop --dist jaunty

Typical images (example settings):

To build a xubuntu-desktop image use the following options:

   --imagesize 2G --seed xubuntu-desktop

For an ubuntu-desktop image (a similar size is needed if you want a kubuntu image):

   --imagesize 3G --seed ubuntu-desktop

A typical remote development comandline environment if you run an armel board headless (note that you should edit /etc/network/interfaces and set up your network device on first login for this):

   --imagesize 3G --seed build-essential,openssh-server

A very light desktop (lxde):

   --seed lxde,gdm

This step can take a long time. For example, building ubuntu-desktop on a Celeron 1.6GHz laptop takes approximately 10 hours. When it is finished, a file named armel-rootfs-[date].tgz will be in your working directory.

Next, mount your SD card ext3 partition (/media/rootfs) and untar the rootfs

 $ sudo tar xzf armel-rootfs-[date].tgz -C /media/rootfs

Finally, umount the SD card, insert the card in your board and power up.

--- That's all folks --- 

= See also =

*[[How to get the Linaro distribution]]
*[[How to get the Angstrom distribution]]
*[[How to get the Android distribution]]
*[[How to get the Meego distribution]]
*[[How to get the Poky Linux distribution]]

[[Category:Software_distributions|Ubuntu]]