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From IGEP - ISEE Wiki
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= Summary<br><br> =X-Loader, an initial program loader for Embedded boards based on OMAP processors.
= Features and Limitations<br> Why IGEP-Xloader=Some important reasons exist for using this bootloader on IGEP boards.
== Improvements & Modifications<br> Security==This is one of the most important reasons why we develop this new IGEP X-loader. you will Probably know that flash devices get new bad memory blocks with normal usage that can make unusable or can damange the software residing inside the flash (ex: upgrading the software, copying a new kernel ... ), in these cases your board won't be usable anymore if you don't use a right nand filesystem that insures data integrity. Using the old schema we've 4 important partitions on flash without any protection, x-loader, u-boot, u-boot enviroment and kernel.
== Limitations<br> Maintenance==With the old schema 3 different software existed (x-loader, u-boot, kernel) that did exactly the same job, so you had to reconfigure the board, increasing the complexity of maintenance for the board system and provide a major bug source because we had to assure that all software was aligned with all changes. Also, from a second point of view, we did the job three times so the boot process was more complex and slow.
== TODO<br> Upgrade faster and easy==Upgradint to a new kernel it's easier and faster, you only need to copy the new kernel inside the boot partition, copy your new igep.ini inside and reboot the board with all security.
=Features and Limitations===Improvements & Modifications==*Remove Added malloc/free functionality.* Added mtd framework and onenand support, removed the old onenand drivers.* Added fs jffs2 support using mtd & onenand support (Read Only).* Added crc32 and zlib.* Jffs2 zlib compression support (Read Only).* Dual boot mmc & onenand with mmc highest priority.* Added Linux kernel boot directly (Support for 2.6.22 and highest version kernels)* Linux kernel supported images: vmlinuz, bzImage and zImage.* Support for loading Linux Ram disk (EXPERIMENTAL)* Added "ini" files parser.* The configuration resides in a plain txt (ini format file).* Support Windows & Linux formating ini files.* boot from mmc, onenand, or mix with mmc highest priority.* Added codeblocks project and compilation rules.* Added support for vfat32 extra names.* Configure TPS65950 voltage to 1.35V if it's used a DM3730 processor.* Added new parameter MachineID in kernel tag file, with it you can* - configure the kernel board ID setup* Added new parameter buddy for kernels 2.6.35.y and 2.6.37.y* Optimize some LPDDR Memory configuration values* Removed some OneNand Debug information* Removed some FAT incorrect warnings* Added Support Initial Ram disk* Reconfigure Makefile options* Support Kernels 2.6.35, 2.6.37, 3.6.4* Added support for boot ARM binary files (such u-boot or QNX kernel)* Support for Numonyx, Micron and hynix POP Memories.* Memory autodetection.* Added GPTimer functionality.* Support Numonyx, Micron and hynix memories.* DMA Copy support* Omtimized memcpy and memset functions.* DSS Video driver.* Support ISEE toolchain yocto 1.2 based.<br>
== STATUS<br> Limitations==* The ini configuration file it's limited to max size: 16 KiB* Kernel Command line parameters it's limited to: 4 KiB* Malloc it's hardcode limited to 32 MiB.* Video is limited to 1024 x 768 x 16 bits.* Video Memory is limited to 1280 x 720 x 32 bits.
==TODO==*Support IGEP0020 (IGEPv2) Revision B & C family boardsRemove compilation warnings. *Tested with IGEPv2 (DM3730@1Ghz and 512/512 MB Ram/Onenand) System Rescue.*Tested with IGEPv2 (AM3703@1Ghz Improve boot selection and 512/512 MB Ram/Onenand) priority.*Tested with IGEPv2 (OMAP3530@720Mhz and 512/512 MB Ram/Onenand)<br> *Support IGEP 0030 (IGEP Module)<br>Remove unused code.
== VERSION CHANGES<br> STATUS==* Support:** IGEPv2 DM3730** IGEPv2 OMAP3530** IGEP COM MODULE DM3730** IGEP COM PROTON DM3730** IGEP COM MODULE AM3703
==VERSION CHANGES==[2.1.0-1] This version only can be build with gcc linaro 4.5.2 other compilers be not supported.<br>
[2.1.0-1] Removed some uncontrolled "printf" with incorrect information.<br>
[2.1.0-1] Modified some code under __DEBUG__ option.<br>
[2.1.0-1] Added Support for TPS65950-A3 initialization at 1.35V<br>
[2.1.0-1] Added support for IGEP Module 0030<br>
[2.1.0-1] Added support dynamic Machine ID selection (same xloader boot IGEPv2 & IGEP Module)<br>
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[2.1.0-2] ARM Compilation bug resolved<br>
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[2.1.0-3] Update SDRAM structure initialization<br>
[2.1.0-3] Added support for Initial RAM disk<br>
[2.6.0-1] New DMA driver, now can handle different DMA channels and transfers [2.6.0-1] GPMC: Add support for use prefetch engine [2.6.0-1] NAND: Added a new Nand driver [2.6.0-1] NAND: Modify memory setup timmings ---- [2.6.0-2] DMA: disable dma_memcpy function due random kernel memory corruption =Pre-Compiled Binaries={| border="1" width="905" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border|-! scope="col"|Release! scope="1col" style|Download link! scope="col"|Support
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|| 2.15.0-2 || [http://downloads.igepisee.esbiz/pub/filesreleases/IGEP_xloader/igep-x-loader-2.15.0-2.tar.bz2 igep-x-loader-2.15.0-2.tar.bz2] ||[[The_IGEP_X-loader#STATUS | All OMAP3 Boards]]
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||2.4.0-2||[http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/releases/IGEP_xloader/igep-x-loader-2.4.0-2.tar.bz2 igep-x-loader-2.4.0-2.tar.bz2]||[[The_IGEP_X-loader#STATUS | All OMAP3 Boards]] except IGEP COM MODULE AM3703|-||2.1.0-2||[http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/releases/IGEP_xloader/igep-x-loader-2.1.0-2.tar.bz2 igep-x-loader-2.1.0-2.tar.bz2]||[[The_IGEP_X-loader#STATUS | All OMAP3 Boards]] except IGEP COM MODULE AM3703|-|| 2.1.0-3<br>|| [http://downloads.igepisee.esbiz/pub/filesreleases/IGEP_xloader/igep-x-loader-2.1.0-3.tar.bz2 igep-x-loader-2.1.0-3.tar.bz2]||[[The_IGEP_X-loader#STATUS | All OMAP3 Boards]] except IGEP COM MODULE AM3703|-||2.2.0-1||[http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/releases/IGEP_xloader/igep-x-loader-2.2.0-1.tar.bz2 igep-x-loader-2.2.0-1.tar.bz2]||[[The_IGEP_X-loader#STATUS | All OMAP3 Boards<br>]] except IGEP COM MODULE AM3703
|}
= Build Procedure<br> ===Build with ISEE SDK Yocto Toolchain 1.2=====Download and Install the cross compiler if you not do it before.===Download the toolchain from this [https://www.isee.biz/support/downloads/item/igep-sdk-yocto-toolchain-1-2-2-3 link] and uncompress it as root in your / directory.
===Download the sources from our git repository===<span style="fontpre>git clone git://git.isee.biz/pub/scm/igep-style: italic;"><span style="fontx-weight: bold;">Enviroment loader.git</spanpre><===Get your desired tag /span>'''''Ubuntu 10.10''''' release===git checkout <your_desired_release> -b <your_name_release>
<pre>sudo aptgit checkout release-get install cpp-42.5.0-arm2 -linuxb release-gnueabi g++-42.5.0-arm-linux2-gnueabilocal</pre>
===Setup the board build setup===<span style="font-style: italic;"pre>make igep00x0_config<span style/pre>="font-weight: bold;">Enviroment ==Build the software===</spanpre>make</spanpre>===Sign the binary x-loader (Only versions prior to 2.5.0-x)==='''''Ubuntu 10You should execute contrib/signGP for sign the xloader.04'''''
<pre>sudo addcontrib/signGP x-aptload.binThe signed x-repository ppaloader it's named:linarox-maintainers/toolchainload.bin.ift</pre>
=== Configure the board settings<br> ===<pre>make igep0020-sdcard_configigep00x0_config</pre><pre>Edit the variable CFLAGS and add the option: -fno-stack-protectorCFLAGS := $(CPPFLAGS) -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-stack-protector</pre> === Build<br> ===<pre>make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-</pre> === Sign the binary x-loader ===''You should execute contrib/signGP for sign the xloader.''
<pre>contrib/signGP x-load.bin
The signed x-loader it's named: x-load.bin.ift
</pre> = BOOT<br> = The IGEP X-Loader must reside in the microSD card or in the OneNandNand Memory.<br> == MMC Boot == === Prepare the microsd card ===
==MMC Boot=====Prepare the microsd card===You can follow this howto about how [http://code.google.com/p/beagleboard/wiki/LinuxBootDiskFormat prepare the microsd card] or [[How to boot from MicroSD Card]]<br>
Get a new mmc microsd card and create two partitions, the first one must be fat fat16/32 and the second one can be formated in any format type supported by linux kernel.<br>
=== Copy the files in the first (FAT) partition ===In the first partition you must copy in this order:
<pre> 48 /* Linux Images */
49 const char* LinuxImageNames [] = {
or you can set the name for your kernel in the configuration file using the tag: kImageName
</pre> Don't use a uImage kernel format (from uboot), only standard kernel formats it's be supported. '''kernel build command example''': <pre>make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-poky-linux-gnueabi- zImage modules</pre>
==Nand Boot= OneNand ====Nand Partitions<br> ===We've defined 3 partitions on the Nand Memory.
<pre>MTD partitions on "omap2-onenand":
(a) 0x000000000000-0x000000080000 : "X-Loader"
(b) 0x000000080000-0x000000c80000 : "Boot"
(c) 0x000000c80000-0x000020000000 : "File System"
</pre> ==== X-Loader Partition ====* Not fs formated (onenand raw)* Size: 0x80000 (512 KiB)* The xloader must be signed before copy it into the flash memory.
<pre>Suggested procedure:
Sign x-loader:
You should execute contrib/signGP for sign the xloader that resides inside the flash memory.
The signed x-loader it's named: x-load.bin.ift
<pre>Suggested procedure:
Erase all mtd1 content:
flash_eraseall /dev/mtd1
'''MLO (x-loader) in MMC, igep.ini and , zImage in Onenand.from MMC'''<br/>If only MLO all it's provided this one present in the mmc it don't try to load the other information boot from the Onenand.
==Configuration file: igep.ini==[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INI_file This entry in wikipedia] can help you how a ini file it's structured.
Inside the sources/scripts directory you can found a [http://git.igepisee.esbiz/?p=pub/scm/igep-x-loader.git;a=blob;f=scripts/igep.ini;h=7ecda91b2716d8984d48fa6c5eb5c74b8f0b0959ce093fe80c81d8888bf79464f847059b312bba83;hb=HEAD refs/heads/master igep.ini] example file.
The actual XLoader can handle two kind tags:
[kernel] Used for internal XLoader setup.<br>
[kparams] Used for pass the linux kernel parameters.
=== TAG: [kernel] ===
<pre> 1 [kernel]
2 kaddress=0x80008000
7 kImageName=zImage-test
8 kRdImageName=rdImage-test
9 MachineID=xxxx Where Machine ID = 2344 for IGEPv2 and , ID = 2717 for IGEP COM Module, ID = 3203 for IGEP COM PROTON 10 Mode=<kernel> or <binary> 11 dss=<0 or 1> Enable or Disable Video Output 12 dss_color=<0x00FF8000> Write your desired color in hex value 13 dss_bitmap=<filename> Raw display image</pre>{| border="1" width="800" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"|-||Parameter Name||Description||Default Value||Comments|-||kaddress||Kernel copy address||0x80008000||hex memory address|-||rdaddress||Ram Disk location address||0x81600000||hex memory address|-||serial.low||Serial number (low part)||0 - 99999999||numeric|-||serial.high||Serial number (high part)||0 - 99999999||numeric|-||revision||Revision ID||0 - 9999||numeric|-||kImageName||Kernel, binary image name||N/A||Kernel or binary image name|-||kRdImageName||Ramdisk||N/A||Ram Disk image name|-||MachineID||Machine ID (kernel ID)||2717||2717 (IGEP COM Module) | 2344 IGEPv2 | 3203 (IGEP COM PROTON)|-||Mode||Boot Mode||kernel||kernel=linux kernel / binary=boot binary image|-||dss||Enable Video||0||0 = Disable, 1 Enable Video Output|-||dss_color||Video Color||0x00FF8000||Solid Color|-||dss_bitmap||Video Bitmap Image||string||filename with desired image|}
=== TAG: [kparams] ===In this tag you can add all kernel parameters that you need, this is only an example:
<pre> 10 [kparams]
11 console=ttyS2,115200n8
Also remember you can comment any line using ';' or '#' characters.
</pre> = FAQ =
=FAQ=== How I can boot from NFS? ==Yes, you should add below parameters in the kparams tag:
<pre>#smsc911x.mac fix your mac address
smsc911x.mac=0xb2,0xb0,0x14,0xb5,0xcd,0xde
root=/dev/nfs
# Set your NFS root path as <server_ip>:<rootfs_path>
nfsroot=192.168.2.105:/srv/nfs/linaro_minimal</pre>==How I can change the assigned kernel memory?==You can use the mem kernel variable as assign your desired kernel memory as: <pre>[kparams]mem=430M</pre>==How I can add more kernel variables?==You can add more variables creating a new variable - value pair under kparams tag as: <pre>boot_delay=0</pre>==How I can modify my MAC address?==You can assign your desired mac address using the variable smsc911x.mac as: <pre>smsc911x.mac=0xb2,0xb0,0x14,0xb5,0xcd,0xde</pre>==How I can boot my board using ubi root filesystem?==You should use these parameters: <pre>ubi.mtd=2 root=ubi0:igep0020-rootfs rootfstype=ubifs</pre>==How I can boot my board using a RAM disk?==Use a RAMdisk it's fully supported. <pre>[kernel]rdaddress=0x81600000kRdImageName=ramdisk.bin [kparams]root=/dev/ram0 rw </pre>==Can I change the Processor frecuency?==Yes you can, IGEP X-loader configures the processor to boot at 600 Mhz you can select a different boot speed using the variable mpurate as: <pre>mpurate=800</pre>If you don't force any frequency the linux kernel will put your processor at the maximum speed (ex: DM3730 will run at 1 Ghz) ==How I can boot downloading the kernel using wget?==The way for do that it's using one minimal kernel and RAMdisk (ex: using image-core-minimal from poky), the procedure can be more or less: a) Copy your minimal kernel and your Ramdisk inside the boot partition. b) Boot Normally from this kernel and Ramdisk, create one script your your desired command such wget http://192.168.15.22/mykernel.bin c) Execute the script when boot (you can do that adding the script to the init enviroment) d) if the downloading it's ok then execute the kexec call, first load the kernel and then pass to it your desired parameters. e) finally boot the new kernel with kexec. ==My board not boot and I don't know what to do ...==When you test your IGEP X-loader, igep.ini file and kernel we suggest use a microsd card in front of use directly the flash nand, if your flash not boot copy all files in one microsd card and boot from there. You can check what happens removing some files from your microsd card for example if you wish test if your flashed kernel it's loaded in a right way then remove the kernel from your microsd card (note: use the same kernel name), IGEP X-loader first try load the file from your microsd card but if it's not found then it try to find the file in the flash. ==How I can upgrade my old kernel?==Just copy the new one, the most secure way it's copy the new one and at end replace the igep.ini file with your new one. <pre> mount -t jffs2 /dev/mtdblock1 /boot cp newkernel.bin /boot cp igep.ini /boot</pre>Use a different kernel name and you always can boot from your old one.
[[Category:How_to_forgeBoot_loaders|X_Loader]]
