===<span id="Texas_Instruments_Processors" class="mw-headline">General Processors</span>===
<span class="mw-headline">Inside General processors we can find Texas Instruments</span>
===<span id="Texas_Instruments_Processors" class="mw-headline">Texas Instruments Processors</span>===
* The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions.
* The first one must be primary partition with the boot flag mark and formated using FAT(16 or 32) file system.
''The processor when boot ONLY load and execute the MLO program and ignore all the rest it's the X-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approach.''
{{Message/Information Message|title=TITLE|message= <span style="color: #000000;">Freescale has a different structure</span>}}
Therefore, we are going to '''setup a microSD card with these requirements''' and '''install a custom software distribution''' into it.
===Boot from Flash===
* Exist other ways of boot and in this link we can see how to do it with the Flash Memory-> LINK
===<span id="ToolChain" class="mw-headline">ToolChain</span>===
* Read: [index.php/Ubuntu_16.04_LTS_Toolchain [Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Toolchain]]
==<span id="Preparing_the_microSD_card" class="mw-headline">Preparing In order to start developing with an IGEP PROCESSOR BOARD we can use a microSD Card to flash our system and boot from it. Most of the cases is the microSD cardeasiest way to boot a board.<br /></span>==Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using:
<prespan class="mw-headline">sudo dmesg -cThe following steps details how to prepare a booteable MicroSD Card</prespan>Now insert a new microsd card in your PC and then check your dmesg:
==<prespan class="mw-headline">Prepare a SD to boot</span>==<div style="text-align: left;">{{Message/Information Message|message=The following steps has been tested using an Ubuntu 16.04}}</div><div style="text-align: left;">First of all it is important to detect which device is our microSD Card. In order to do that we can follow this instructions in a Linux terminal:</div><div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;">'''1-''' Clean the ''dmesg'' information:</prediv>You should see something like this sudo dmesg -c'''2-''' Insert the microSD Card and show the ''dmesg'' information:
<pre>mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0001 dmesgmmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 3.79 GiBmmcblk0: unknown partition table</pre>Ensure all in your microsd card it's erasedThe result have to be similar to this:
<pre>$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1024 count=1024
[sudo] password for jdoe:</pre>
='''<span class="mw-headline">Prepare a SD to boot</span>'''=
{{Message/Information Message|title=TITLE|message= <span style="color: #000000;">We are using this version of Ubuntu .........</span>}}
[[File:dev.png]]
<div style="text-align: left;">We can see the name of our device in the system: '''/dev/sdX''' where X is the character assigned by our system, in this case /dev/sdc'''.'''</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">Now we have to ensure that the MicroSD Card is completely clean. We can use the following command to do that:</div>
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=1024 count=1024
Where '''X''' is the character returned previously by your system, for example, in the previous situation:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=<span id/dev/sdc bs="Install_GParted" class1024 count="mw1024Before use anyway of partition one good practise is unmount the dev where is inserted the SD. -headline">Downloading GParted<code>umount /dev/sdx</spancode>==In order to prepare a micro SD with your already generated u-boot you need to flash the u-boot.imx using the command dd.
It is important Now we are ready to prepare your micro SD card first creating a partition that leave some free space for create the u-boot.imx. It can be used GPARTED as it is shown corresponding partitions in the image. This method is much more graphic than sfdisk methodour MicroSD Card.
==How to partition the MicroSD card==
<div style="text-align: left;">There are several ways to partition a MicroSD Card. In this post we are using the GParted tool that can be installed as:</div>
sudo apt-get install gparted
<span class="mw-headline">Other tools as sfdisk and mkfs are useful too.</span>
[[File:GPARTED<span class="mw-headline">It is important to difference between a MicroSD Card for a NXP processor and the other cases.png|center|713x201px]]The process of partition is similar but, in the case of NXP chips, there exists some differences. </span>
==='''<span class="mw-headline">Using Gparted:</span>'''===
{| class="contenttable sortable"
|-
!|
====='''GENERAL CASE'''=====
!|
====='''NXP PROCESSORS'''=====
|-
||'''1- '''Select the corresponding device
||'''1- '''Select the corresponding device
|-
||<span class="mw-headline">[[File:1.png|429x186px]]</span>
||<span class="mw-headline">[[File:1.png|413x179px]]</span>
|-
||'''2- '''Create a partition table
||'''2- '''Create a partition table
|-
||<span class="mw-headline">[[File:2.png|430x202px]]</span><span class="mw-headline">[[File:SD4.png|433x298px]]</span>
||<span class="mw-headline">[[File:2.png|418x197px]]</span><span class="mw-headline">[[File:SD4.png|431x297px]]</span>
|-
||'''<span class="mw-headline">3- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Create a FAT32 '''boot '''partition</span>
||<span class="mw-headline">'''3- '''Create a FAT32 '''boot '''partition '''leaving 8MB before'''</span>
|-
||
<span class="mw-headline">[[File:2.png|432x203px]]</span>[[File:fat32_c121.png|429x293px]]
In this image we can see the devices plugged in our computer. And it can be installed with this command.
<pre>sudo apt-get install gparted</pre>
<span style="color: #000000;">Now we will see all the steps for this partition with GPARTED after another brief explanation of sfdisk method.</span>
* <span style="color: #000000;">Using fdisk we create directly two partitions</span>
<div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code">
==<span style="color: #000000;">Using sfdisk partition method</span>==
<div id="highlighter_789287">
<pre>sudo sfdisk /dev/ 16065,128520,0x0C,*<br>144585,,,-<br>EOF</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code"><div class="codeHeader panelHeader pdl">'''Define partitions'''</div>
<div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"><div class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash"></div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash">
<pre>$ sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/ -n boot</pre>
<pre>$ sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/ -L rootfs</pre></div>
<div class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash"></div>
</div>
</div>
Then you only have to use dd command in order to copy the u-boot.imx to the SD card.
<u>'''Please, be sure you have write correctly the following command because in if not, it can corrupt your computer.'''</u>
<div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code"><div class="codeHeader panelHeader pdl">'''u-boot.imx copy'''</div>
<div id="highlighter_550267">
<pre>$ sudo dd if=//u-boot.imx of=/dev/ bs=512 seek=2 <br>$ sync</pre>
</div>
</div>
For example
<div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code"><div class="codeHeader panelHeader pdl">'''u-boot.imx copy'''</div>
<div id="highlighter_209438">
<pre>$ sudo dd if=/home/user/Project/u-boot/u-boot.imx of=/dev/sdd bs=512 seek=2<br>$ sync</pre>
</div>
</div>
==<span id="GParted_and_Creation_of_Partitions" class="mw-headline">Using GParted and Creation of Partitions</span>==
When the install procedure ends you can call the program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal console.
We can see our devices and their size.
===<span id="Create_the_MSDOS.C2.A0Partition_Table" class="mw-headline">Create the MSDOS Partition Table</span>===
The next step it's create the msdos table partition for it you should click in the "Device" menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" option.
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Check the default option it's create a msdos partition table.
After that you can '''Apply'''.
===<span id="Create_the_BOOT_Partition_-_IGEP_Texas_Instruments_Processor_based" class="mw-headline">Create the BOOT Partition - '''IGEP Texas Instruments Processor based'''</span>===
<u>This Step it's only for OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5432 processor based IGEP boards.</u>
The Next step it's create the partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
We will configure the partition as:
* Free Space Preceding: 1MB
* Primary Partition
* File system/ Format: FAT32* Size: 100 MegaBytesMB* Label: '''Free Space Preceding: 0 MiBBoot'''* Label: Boot
* '''Align to: cylinder'''
It is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you might get an error later||<span class="mw-headline">[[File:2.png|432x203px]]</span>[[File:im_1.png|425x290px]]
===<span id="Create_the_BOOT_Partition_-_IGEP_NXP-Freescale_Processor_based" class="mw-headline">Create the BOOT Partition - '''IGEP NXP-Freescale Processor based'''</span>===
<u>This Step it's only for iMX6 processor based IGEP boards.</u>
The Next step it's create the partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
We will configure the partition as:
* Free Space Preceding: '''8MB'''
* Primary Partition
* File system/ Format: FAT32* '''Free Space Preceding: 8 MiB'''* Size: 100 MegaBytesMB* Label: '''Boot'''
* '''Align to: cylinder'''
|-||'''<span class="mw-headline">4- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Create a ext4 '''rootfs '''partition</span>||'''<span class="mw-headline">4- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Create a ext4 '''rootfs '''partition</span>|-||[[File:fat32_c2.png|407x279px]]'''7-''' Check the results are similar to the followings:||[[File:fat32_c2.png|407x279px]]|-||'''<span class="mw-headline">5- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Apply changes<br />It is recommended to </span>||'''<span class="mw-headline">5- </span>'''apply <span class="mw-headline">Apply changes</span>|-||'''<span class="mw-headline">[[File:fat32_c3.png|411x279px]]</span>'''||[[File:im_2.png|403x275px]]|-||'''<span class="mw-headline">6- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Set boot flag to boot partition</span>||' now or you might get an error later''<span class="mw-headline">6- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Set boot flag to boot partition</span>|-||[[File:fat32_c4.png|411x278px]]
===<span id="Create_the_ROOTFS_Partition" class="mw-headline">Create the ROOTFS Partition</span>===The Next step it's create the root file system partition[[File:fat32_c5.png|432x291px]]
First you should select the unallocated partition area and then you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this||[[File:IM_25.png|414x281px]]
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div></div></div></div></div>We will configure the rootfs partition as[[File:fat32_c5.png|431x291px]]
* Primary Partition|-* Format||'''7-''' Check the results are similar to the followings: EXT4* Size: All the Rest* Label: Rootfs||'''<br />7-'''Check the results are similar to the followings:|-||[[File:fat32_c6.png|434x294px]]||[[File:im_3.png|438x301px]]|}
At end '''<span class="mw-headline">By doing that we will click on "Add" buttonhave ready the microSD Card in order to copy our files.</span>'''
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
or
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
After all apply all changes
==='''Using SFDISK & MKFS<span id="Select_.22Boot_flag.22_for_the_boot_partition" class="mw-headline">Select "Boot flag" for the boot partition<br /span>'''===Now we must select Another method is to use the boot flag for following commands in order to prepare the first partition for it we use microSD card. These commands will perform the right mouse button over same operations that in the boot partition and select "Manage Flags" optionprevious part.
{| class="contenttable sortable" style="width: 890px;"|-! style="width: 431.367px;"|GENERAL CASE! style="width: 436.633px;"|NXP PROCESSORS|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/ <<EOF<br>label: dos<br>63,144522,0x0C,*<br>160650,,,-<br>EOF| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/ <<EOF<br>label: dos<br>16065,128520,0x0C,*<br>144585,,,-<br>EOF|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/ -n boot| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/ -n boot|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ -L rootfs| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ -L rootfs|-| style="width: 431.367px;"|'''For example:'''| style="width: 436.633px;"|'''For example:'''|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/<div classstrong>sdc</strong> <<EOF<br data-attributes="%20/">label: dos<br data-attributes="center%20/">63,144522,0x0C,*<div classbr data-attributes="thumb tnone%20/">160650,,,-<div classbr data-attributes="thumbinner%20/">EOF<br><br>sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/<strong>sdc1<div class/strong> -n boot<br data-attributes="thumbcaption%20/"><div classbr data-attributes="magnify%20/">sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/<strong>sdc2</divstrong> -L rootfs<br><br>| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/<strong>sdc</divstrong><<EOF<br data-attributes="%20/">label: dos<br data-attributes="%20/">16065,128520,0x0C,*<br data-attributes="%20/">144585,,,-<br data-attributes="%20/">EOF<br><br>sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/<strong>sdc1</divstrong> -n boot<br><br>sudo mkfs.ext4 /divdev/<strong>sdc2</divstrong> -L rootfs<br><br>Now we have the microsd prepared for copy the boot files|}
='''How to boot each partcopy everything into the MicroSD Card<br />'''=Now we will see where Once the MicroSD is completely prepared, it is time to put each part copy the u-boot, kernel and how root dile system tothe MicroSD Card.
==U-Boot==
'''TexasGeneral processors<br />'''
After build or download the MLO and u-boot you should follow the next steps:
* Copy MLO and u-boot.img to primary into the ''root folder'' of the '''boot partition'''
<pre>$ cp MLO [your_u-boot_directory]/u-.boot.img /media/user/boot cp [your_u-boot_directory]/MLO /media/user/boot
</pre>
You can follow this post [[How to prepare a bootable MicroSD CardThe bootloader U-Boot|linkU-boot Bootloader]] if you want build the MLO and u-boot
'''iMX6Freescale processors<br />'''
* Copy u-boot.imx using dd before primary partition in raw mode as
<pre>sudo dd ifsudo dd if=/home/user/u-boot[your_u-imxboot_directory]/u-boot.imx of=/dev/sde [your_sd] bs=512 seek=2</pre><You can follow this post [[The bootloader U-Boot|U-boot Bootloader]] you want build the u>Where /dev/sde is your microsd card</u>-boot.imx
You can follow this [['''How to prepare a bootable MicroSD Card|link]] you want build the u-boot.imxconfigure Uenv<br />'''
It is need to indicate how start the boot. For this reason it will be created a file called uenv.txt with the correct configuration.
We present two examples of help to start the system from the MicroSD Card or from an nfs server.
==Root file System==In this tutorial * If we will use want boot from the bootable microSD Card. [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/filesrelaunch/linarouenv.txt uenv.txt]* If we want boot from nfs server. [http:/releases/linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2downloads.isee.biz/pub/relaunch/uenv_nfs.tartxt uenv.gz linaro headlesstxt] (soft floating) image as rootfs but you can use your favorite rootfs also.
These two examples have an ip address assigned to them that can be modified as you want.
{| width="auto" cellspacing="1" cellpaddingKernel="1" align="center" border="0"|-||| style="text-align: center;"| |-| scope="row"|[[]]||Here there are many articles about how to get Kernel files, '''zImage '''many other [index.php/Category:Software_distributions software distributions]and'''.|}<br /> Here youdtb'''ve , can be copied into the [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linaro/releases/linaro-11.09-nano-n-tar-20110929-0.tar.gz linaro nano 11.09] (soft floating) available for download from '' root folder'' of the ISEE server.''' boot partition'''
Notes: You must build your programs with '''Kernel Modules''' have to be copied using the hard floating if your command indicated in the kernel compilation [[Linux Kernel 4.9.y|post]] into the '''rootfs is build with itpartition'''.
Notes: IGEPv5 must use Hard floating Rootfs
===<span id="Create_the_Rootfs_mount_point" class="mw-headline">Create the Rootfs mount point</span>===
Go to /media directory and create one sub-folder called "binary"
<pre>cd /media
sudo mkdir binary
</pre>
===<span id="Mount_the_RootFS_partition" class="mw-headline">Mount the RootFS partition</span>===
Mount the rootfs partition using the 'binary' directory
<pre>$ media > sudo mount /dev/mmcblkp2 /media/binary
</pre>
===<span id="Untar_the_rootfs_package" class="mw-headline">Untar the rootfs package</span>===
Copy "linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz" file inside the /media directory and untar the file
<pre>$ media > sudo tar xvfz linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz</pre>
<br /> Now you should see inside your rootfs partition a similar structure like this.
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;">[[]]<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
===<span id="Install_the_kernel_modules" class="mw-headline">Install the kernel modules</span>===
Now you should install your kernel modules inside your root file system.
<pre>$ media > cd /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6
$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/media/binary
</pre>
Alternatively if you downloaded the binary package uncompress it inside the directory /media/binary
===<span id="Install_the_kernel_Image" class="mw-headline">Install the kernel Image</span>===
Just copy the zImage inside your boot partition, remember before that you must mount your mmc boot partition.
<pre>$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo cp arch/arm/boot/zImage /media/boot/
if you're using dtb kernel as 3.8.y you must copy the dtb too.
$ /home/jdoe/linuz-omap-2.6> sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dtbs/omap5-igep0050.dtb /media/boot
</pre>
After that you can unmount the boot & rootfs partitions.
Now we're ready for test our new microsd card
==Kernel & Modules==
You can follow this other howto about [index.php/The_Linux_kernel how compile and install the Linux Kernel].
==Root file System==
The root file system have to be extracted into the'' root folder'' of the '''rootfs''' '''partition'''. Where can be [http://labs.isee.biz/index.php/IGEP_Firmware_set-up downloaded here.]
=<span id="Test_your_new_MicroSD" class="mw-headline">Test your new MicroSD</span>=
You can test your new microSD card with a Serial client such as PuTTy. [index.php/Using_serial_debug_port_to_communicate Here] is an explanation about how to configure it.
(Note that speed should be configured to 115200 bauds).
If you already have configured it or you are using another Serial client and you have connected the Serial cable to the IGEPv2 board, then you are ready to test your microSD.
Insert the microSD in your IGEPv2 board and power up the board.
