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===<span id="Texas_Instruments_Processors" class="mw-headline">General Processors</span>===
<span class="mw-headline">Inside General processors we can find Texas Instruments</span>
* The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions.
* The first one must be primary partition with the boot flag mark and formated using FAT(16 or 32) file system.
''The processor when boot ONLY load and execute the MLO program and ignore all the rest it's the X-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approach.''
{{Message/Information Message|title=TITLE|message= <span style="color: #000000;">Freescale has a different structure</span>}}
Therefore, we are going to '''setup a microSD card with these requirements''' and '''install a custom software distribution''' into it.
===<span id="ToolChain" class="mw-headline">ToolChain</span>===
* Read: [index.php/Ubuntu_16.04_LTS_Toolchain [Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Toolchain] ==<span id="Preparing_the_microSD_card" class="mw-headline">Preparing the microSD card</span>==Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using: <pre>sudo dmesg -c</pre>Now insert a new microsd card in your PC and then check your dmesg: <pre>dmesg</pre>You should see something like this: <pre>mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0001mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 3.79 GiBmmcblk0: unknown partition table</pre>Ensure all in your microsd card it's erased: <pre>$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1024 count=1024[sudo] password for jdoe:</pre>='''<span class="mw-headline">Prepare a SD to boot</span>'''={{Message/Information Message|title=TITLE|message= <span style="color: #000000;">We are using this version of Ubuntu .........</span>}} ==<span id="Install_GParted" class="mw-headline">Downloading GParted</span>==In order to prepare a micro SD with your already generated u-boot you need to flash the u-boot.imx using the command dd. It is important to prepare your micro SD card first creating a partition that leave some free space for the u-boot.imx. It can be used GPARTED as it is shown in the image. This method is much more graphic than sfdisk method. [[File:GPARTED.png|center|713x201px]] And it can be installed with this command. <pre>sudo apt-get install gparted</pre><span style="color: #000000;">Now we will see all the steps for this partition with GPARTED after another brief explanation of sfdisk method.</span>
<span class="mw-headline">In order to start developing with an IGEP PROCESSOR BOARD we can use a microSD Card to flash our system and boot from it. Most of the cases is the easiest way to boot a board.<br /></span>
<pre>sudo sfdisk /dev/ 16065,128520,0x0C,*<br>144585,,,span class="mw-<brheadline">EOFThe following steps details how to prepare a booteable MicroSD Card</prespan>
<div classstyle="code panel pdl conftext-macro output-blockalign: left;" data-hasbody="true" data-macro->We can see the name="code"><div class="codeHeader panelHeader pdl">of our device in the system: '''/dev/sdX''' where X is the character assigned by our system, in this case /dev/sdc'''u-boot.imx copy'''</div><div idstyle="highlighter_209438text-align: left;">Now we have to ensure that the MicroSD Card is completely clean. We can use the following command to do that:<pre/div>$ sudo dd if sudo dd if=/home/user/Project/u-bootdev/u-boot.imx zero of=/dev/sdd bssdX bs=512 seek1024 count=2<br>$ sync</pre>1024Where '''X''' is the character returned previously by your system, for example, in the previous situation:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=1024 count=1024Before use anyway of partition one good practise is unmount the dev where is inserted the SD. -> <code>umount /div>dev/sdx</divcode>
Now we are ready to create the corresponding partitions in our MicroSD Card.
==How to partition the MicroSD card==<span iddiv style="GParted_and_Creation_of_Partitionstext-align: left;" >There are several ways to partition a MicroSD Card. In this post we are using the GParted tool that can be installed as:</div> sudo apt-get install gparted<span class="mw-headline">Using GParted Other tools as sfdisk and Creation of Partitionsmkfs are useful too.</span>==When the install procedure ends you can call the program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal console.
==='''<div span class="centermw-headline">Using Gparted:<div /span>'''==={| class="thumb tnonecontenttable sortable"|-!|====='''GENERAL CASE'''=====!|====='''NXP PROCESSORS'''=====|-||'''1- '''Select the corresponding device||'''1- '''Select the corresponding device|-||<span class="mw-headline">[[File:1.png|429x186px]]</span>||<div span class="thumbinnermw-headline">[[File:1.png|413x179px]]<div /span>|-||'''2- '''Create a partition table||'''2- '''Create a partition table|-||<span class="thumbcaptionmw-headline">[[File:2.png|430x202px]]</span><div span class="magnifymw-headline">[[File:SD4.png|433x298px]]</divspan>||<span class="mw-headline">[[File:2.png|418x197px]]</divspan><span class="mw-headline">[[File:SD4.png|431x297px]]</divspan>|-||'''<span class="mw-headline">3- </divspan>'''<span class="mw-headline">Create a FAT32 '''boot '''partition</divspan>Check the default option it||<span class="mw-headline">'''3- '''s create Create a msdos FAT32 '''boot '''partition table'''leaving 8MB before'''</span>|-||<span class="mw-headline">[[File:2.png|432x203px]]</span>[[File:fat32_c121.png|429x293px]]
We will configure the partition as:
* Free Space Preceding: 1MB
* Primary Partition
* File system/ Format: FAT32* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Free Space Preceding: 0 MiBMB* Label: '''Boot'''
* '''Align to: cylinder'''
We will configure the partition as:
* Free Space Preceding: '''8MB'''
* Primary Partition
* File system/ Format: FAT32* Free Space Preceding: 8 MiB* Size: 100 MegaBytesMB* Label: '''Boot'''
* '''Align to: cylinder'''
|-||'''<span class="mw-headline">4- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Create a ext4 '''rootfs '''partition</span>||'''<span class="mw-headline">4- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Create a ext4 '''rootfs '''partition<br /span>It is recommended to |-||[[File:fat32_c2.png|407x279px]]'''apply changes7-''' now or you might get an error laterCheck the results are similar to the followings:||[[File:fat32_c2.png|407x279px]]|-||'''<span class="mw-headline">5- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Apply changes<br /></span>||'''<span class="mw-headline">5- </span>'''<span idclass="Create_the_ROOTFS_Partitionmw-headline" >Apply changes</span>|-||'''<span class="mw-headline">Create the ROOTFS Partition[[File:fat32_c3.png|411x279px]]</span>'''||[[File:im_2.png|403x275px]]|-||'''<span class="mw-headline">6- </span>'''<span class="mw-headline">Set boot flag to boot partition</span>||'''<span class=The Next step it"mw-headline">6- </span>'''s create the root file system <span class="mw-headline">Set boot flag to boot partition</span>|-||[[File:fat32_c4.png|411x278px]]
'''<div span class="centermw-headline"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div></div></div></div>By doing that we will have ready the microSD Card in order to copy our files.</divspan>After all apply all changes'''
==='''Using SFDISK & MKFS<br />'''===
Another method is to use the following commands in order to prepare the microSD card. These commands will perform the same operations that in the previous part.
{| class="contenttable sortable" style="width: 890px;"
|-
! style="width: 431.367px;"|GENERAL CASE
! style="width: 436.633px;"|NXP PROCESSORS
|-
| style="width: 431.367px;"|
sudo sfdisk /dev/ <<EOF<br>label: dos<br>63,144522,0x0C,*<br>160650,,,-<br>EOF
| style="width: 436.633px;"|
sudo sfdisk /dev/ <<EOF<br>label: dos<br>16065,128520,0x0C,*<br>144585,,,-<br>EOF
|-
| style="width: 431.367px;"|
sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/ -n boot
| style="width: 436.633px;"|
sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/ -n boot
|-
| style="width: 431.367px;"|
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ -L rootfs
| style="width: 436.633px;"|
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ -L rootfs
|-
| style="width: 431.367px;"|'''For example:'''
| style="width: 436.633px;"|'''For example:'''
|-
| style="width: 431.367px;"|
sudo sfdisk /dev/<strong>sdc</strong> <<EOF<br data-attributes="%20/">label: dos<br data-attributes="%20/">63,144522,0x0C,*<br data-attributes="%20/">160650,,,-<br data-attributes="%20/">EOF<br><br>sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/<strong>sdc1</strong> -n boot<br data-attributes="%20/"><br data-attributes="%20/">sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/<strong>sdc2</strong> -L rootfs<br><br>
| style="width: 436.633px;"|
sudo sfdisk /dev/<strong>sdc</strong> <<EOF<br data-attributes="%20/">label: dos<br data-attributes="%20/">16065,128520,0x0C,*<br data-attributes="%20/">144585,,,-<br data-attributes="%20/">EOF<br><br>sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/<strong>sdc1</strong> -n boot<br><br>sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/<strong>sdc2</strong> -L rootfs<br><br>
|}
='''How to boot each partcopy everything into the MicroSD Card<br />'''=Now we will see where Once the MicroSD is completely prepared, it is time to put each part copy the u-boot, kernel and how root dile system tothe MicroSD Card.
==U-Boot==
'''TexasGeneral processors<br />'''
After build or download the MLO and u-boot you should follow the next steps:
* Copy MLO and u-boot.img to primary into the ''root folder'' of the '''boot partition''' <pre>cp [your_u-boot_directory]/u.boot.img /media/user/boot
</pre>
You can follow this this post [index.php/[The bootloader U-Boot|U-Boot_Texas_Instruments_Series HowToboot Bootloader]] if if you want build the MLO and u-boot
'''iMX6Freescale processors<br />'''
* Copy u-boot.imx using dd before primary partition in raw mode as
<pre>sudo dd ifsudo dd if=/home/user/u-boot[your_u-imxboot_directory]/u-boot.imx of=/dev/sde [your_sd] bs=512 seek=2</pre>Where You can follow this post [[The bootloader U-Boot|U-boot Bootloader]] you want build the u-boot.imx '''How to configure Uenv<br /dev/sde >''' It is your microsd cardneed to indicate how start the boot. For this reason it will be created a file called uenv.txt with the correct configuration. We present two examples of help to start the system from the MicroSD Card or from an nfs server.
These two examples have an ip address assigned to them that can be modified as you want.
==Kernel==
Kernel files, '''zImage '''and''' .dtb''', can be copied into the'' root folder'' of the''' boot partition'''
==Root file System==
The root file system have to be extracted into the'' root folder'' of the '''rootfs''' '''partition'''. Where can be [http://labs.isee.biz/index.php/IGEP_Firmware_set-up downloaded here.]