This page explain how to '''create a microSD card''' to boot IGEP boards with '''software distributions ( yocto, Ubuntu, Debian ...)'''.
* Now we can see an image of which are the steps to boot any module.
With a general processor all start with MLO file and U-Boot.img. Also it is the same procedure for Freescale- NXP. If you want to see how to create these files follow this [[The bootloader U-Boot|link]].
===Boot from Flash===* Exist other ways of boot and in this link we can see how to do it with Next step is that once the Flash Memory-> LINKprocessor is initialized,call the linux kernel making the execution of your operative system available.
Finally your OS runs and you can initialize the board correctly [[File:How_to_SD.PNG|center|772x332px]] ===<span id="Texas_Instruments_Processors" class="mw-headline">General Processors</span>===<span class="mw-headline">Inside General processors we can find Texas Instruments</span> * The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions.* The first one must be primary partition with the boot flag mark and formated using FAT(16 or 32) file system.* All names used in this partition must be msdos names (applies to OLD OMAP35xx processor).* The processor must load a first program called '''MLO''', this program must reside in the first partition, this program it's also called '''x-loader or uboot-spl.''' ''The processor when boot ONLY load and execute the MLO program and ignore all the rest it's the X-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approach.'' {{Message/Information Message|title=TITLE|message= <span style="color: #000000;">Freescale has a different structure</span>}} ===<span id="Freescale-NXP_Processors" class="mw-headline">Freescale-NXP Processors</span>===* The microsd card must be content at latest 1 partitions.* The primary partition can be formatted with any filesystem that u-boot can mount.* The Processor will load the '''u-boot.imx''' it include the SPL and u-boot. ''After load this u-boot.imx, u-boot will be ready for boot the kernel.'' Therefore, we are going to '''setup a microSD card with these requirements''' and '''install a custom software distribution''' into it. ===<span id="Prerequisites" class="mw-headline">Prerequisites</span>===
* PC with Linux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)
* MicroSD Card (4 Gbytes - class 4) or bigger ...
* Cross Toolchain included in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS gcc version 4.9.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.3-13ubuntu2).
==<span id="ToolChain" class="mw-headline">ToolChain</span>==
* Read: [index.php/Ubuntu_16.04_LTS_Toolchain Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Toolchain]
==<span id="Preparing_the_microSD_card" class="mw-headline">Preparing the microSD card</span>==
Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using:
===<prespan id="ToolChain" class="mw-headline">sudo dmesg -cToolChain</prespan>===Now insert a new microsd card in your PC and then check your dmesg* Read:[[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Toolchain]]
<pre>dmesg</pre>
You should see something like this:
<prespan class="mw-headline">mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0001mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 3In order to start developing with an IGEP PROCESSOR BOARD we can use a microSD Card to flash our system and boot from it.79 GiBmmcblk0: unknown partition tableMost of the cases is the easiest way to boot a board.<br /></prespan>Ensure all in your microsd card it's erased:
$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1024 count=1024 [sudo] password for jdoe:=='''<span class="mw-headline">Prepare The following steps details how to prepare a SD to bootbooteable MicroSD Card</span>'''====<span id="Install_GParted" class="mw-headline">Install GParted</span>==We will use the gparted program for create the partitions, if you don't have this program installed then you must install it with this command:
==<prespan class="mw-headline">sudo aptPrepare a SD to boot</span>==<div style="text-get install gpartedalign: left;">{{Message/Information Message|message=The following steps has been tested using an Ubuntu 16.04}}</prediv><span div style="colortext-align: #ff0000left;">Another method First of all it is using fdisk and creating directly two partitionsimportant to detect which device is our microSD Card. In order to do that we can follow this instructions in a Linux terminal:</div><div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;">'''1-''' Clean the ''dmesg'' information:</spandiv> sudo dmesg -c'''2-''' Insert the microSD Card and show the ''dmesg'' information:
<div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code">==<span style="color: #ff0000;">Use sfdisk partition method</span>==<div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"><div id="highlighter_789287" class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash">dmesg{| class=" contenttable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"|-| class="code"|<div class="container" title="Hint: double-click The result have to be similar to select code"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><span style="colorthis: #ff0000;"><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">sfdisk </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/</code><code class="bash plain"> <<EOF</code></span>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><span style="color[[File: #ff0000;"><code class="bash plain">label: dos</code></span></div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><code class="bash plain">16065,128520,0x0C,*</code></span></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><code class="bash plain">144585,,,-</code></span></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><code class="bash plain">EOF</code></span></div></div></div>|}</div></div></div><div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code"><div class="codeHeader panelHeader pdl">'''Define partitions'''</div><div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"><div id="highlighter_144340" class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash">{| class=" contenttable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"|-| class="code"|<div class="container" title="Hint: double-click to select code"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">mkfsdev.vfat -F 32 </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/</code><code class="bash plain"> -n boot</code>png]]
<div style="text-align: left;">We can see the name of our device in the system: '''/dev/sdX''' where X is the character assigned by our system, in this case /dev/sdc'''.'''</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">Now we have to ensure that the MicroSD Card is completely clean. We can use the following command to do that:</div>
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=1024 count=1024
Where '''X''' is the character returned previously by your system, for example, in the previous situation:
<div class sudo dd if="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class/dev/zero of="bash plain">$ </code><code classdev/sdc bs="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class1024 count="bash plain">mkfs1024Before use anyway of partition one good practise is unmount the dev where is inserted the SD.ext3 </code-><code class="bash plain">umount /dev/sdx</code><code class="bash plain"> -L rootfs</code></div></div></div>|}</div></div></div>Then you only have to use dd command in order to copy the u-boot.imx to the SD card.
<u>'''Please, be sure you have write correctly Now we are ready to create the following command because corresponding partitions in if not, it can corrupt your computerour MicroSD Card.'''</u>
==How to partition the MicroSD card==
<div style="text-align: left;">There are several ways to partition a MicroSD Card. In this post we are using the GParted tool that can be installed as:</div>
sudo apt-get install gparted
<span class="mw-headline">Other tools as sfdisk and mkfs are useful too.</span>
<span class="mw-headline">It is important to difference between a MicroSD Card for a NXP processor and the other cases. The process of partition is similar but, in the case of NXP chips, there exists some differences. </span>
==='''<div span class="code panel pdl conf-macro outputmw-blockheadline" data-hasbody>Using Gparted:</span>'''==={| class="truecontenttable sortable" data|-!|====='''GENERAL CASE'''=====!|====='''NXP PROCESSORS'''=====|-macro||'''1- '''Select the corresponding device||'''1- '''Select the corresponding device|-name||<span class="codemw-headline">[[File:1.png|429x186px]]<div /span>||<span class="codeHeader panelHeader pdlmw-headline">[[File:1.png|413x179px]]</span>|-||'''u2- '''Create a partition table||'''2-boot.imx copy'''Create a partition table|-||<span class="mw-headline">[[File:2.png|430x202px]]</divspan><div span class="codeContent panelContent pdlmw-headline">[[File:SD4.png|433x298px]]</span>||<div idspan class="highlighter_550267mw-headline" >[[File:2.png|418x197px]]</span><span class="syntaxhighlighter shmw-eclipse nogutter bashheadline">[[File:SD4.png|431x297px]]</span>|-{| |'''<span class=" contenttablemw-headline" border>3- </span>'''<span class="0mw-headline" cellspacing>Create a FAT32 '''boot '''partition</span>||<span class="0" cellpadding="0mw-headline">'''3- '''Create a FAT32 '''boot '''partition '''leaving 8MB before'''</span>
|-
| class="code"|<div span class="container" title="Hint: doublemw-click to select codeheadline"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="bash plain">$ [[File:2.png|432x203px]]</codespan><code class="bash functions">sudo<[[File:fat32_c121.png|429x293px]] We will configure the partition as: * Free Space Preceding: 1MB* Primary Partition* File system/code> <code class="bash functions">dd</code> <code class="bash keyword">if</code>Format: FAT32* Size: 100 MB* Label: '''Boot'''* '''Align to: cylinder''' ||<code span class="bash plain">=/</code><code class="bash plain">/umw-boot</code><code class="bash plainheadline">[[File:2.imx of=png|432x203px]]</code><code class="bash plain">/dev/</code><code class="bash plain"> bs=512 seek=2</codespan>[[File:im_1.png|425x290px]]
We will configure the partition as:
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sync</code></div></div>* Free Space Preceding: '''8MB'''</div>* Primary Partition|}<* File system/div>Format: FAT32</div>* Size: 100 MB</div>* Label: '''Boot'''For example* '''Align to: cylinder'''
<div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code"><div class="codeHeader panelHeader pdl">'''u-boot.imx copy'''</div>
<div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"><div id="highlighter_209438" class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash">
{| class=" contenttable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
| |'''<span class="codemw-headline"|>4- </span>'''<div span class="containermw-headline" title>Create a ext4 '''rootfs '''partition</span>||'''<span class="Hint: doublemw-click to select codeheadline">4- <div /span>'''<span class="line number1 index0 alt2mw-headline">Create a ext4 '''rootfs '''partition<code /span>|-||[[File:fat32_c2.png|407x279px]]'''7-''' Check the results are similar to the followings:||[[File:fat32_c2.png|407x279px]]|-||'''<span class="bash plainmw-headline">$ 5- </codespan>'''<code span class="bash functionsmw-headline">sudoApply changes<br /></codespan> ||'''<code span class="bash functionsmw-headline">dd5- </codespan> '''<code span class="bash keywordmw-headline">ifApply changes</codespan>|-||'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">=[[File:fat32_c3.png|411x279px]]</codespan>'''||[[File:im_2.png|403x275px]]|-||'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">/home/user/Project/u6-boot/u-boot</codespan>'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">.imx of=Set boot flag to boot partition</codespan>||'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">/dev/sdd6- </codespan> '''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">bs=512 seek=2Set boot flag to boot partition</codespan>|-||[[File:fat32_c4.png|411x278px]] [[File:fat32_c5.png|432x291px]] ||[[File:IM_25.png|414x281px]]
[[File:fat32_c5.png|431x291px]]
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sync</code></div>|-||'''7-''' Check the results are similar to the followings:</div>||'''7-''' Check the results are similar to the followings:</div>|-|}</div>|[[File:fat32_c6.png|434x294px]]</div>||[[File:im_3.png|438x301px]]</div>|}
'''<span class="mw-headline">By doing that we will have ready the microSD Card in order to copy our files.</span>'''
==<span id="GParted_and_Creation_of_Partitions" class="mw-headline">GParted and Creation of Partitions</span>==
When the install procedure ends you can call the program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal console.
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===<span id="Create_the_MSDOS.C2.A0Partition_Table" class="mw-headline">Create the MSDOS Partition Table</span>===
The next step it's create the msdos table partition for it you should click in the "Device" menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" option.
<div class="center">=='''Using SFDISK & MKFS<div class="thumb tnone"br /><div class'''="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div></div></div></div></div>Check Another method is to use the following commands in order to prepare the microSD card. These commands will perform the same operations that in the default option it's create a msdos partition tableprevious part.
After that you can {| class="contenttable sortable" style="width: 890px;"|-! style="width: 431.367px;"|GENERAL CASE! style="width: 436.633px;"|NXP PROCESSORS|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/ <<EOF<br>label: dos<br>63,144522,0x0C,*<br>160650,,,-<br>EOF| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/ <<EOF<br>label: dos<br>16065,128520,0x0C,*<br>144585,,,-<br>EOF|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/ -n boot| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/ -n boot|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ -L rootfs| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ -L rootfs|-| style="width: 431.367px;"|'''ApplyFor example:'''| style="width: 436.633px;"|'''For example:'''|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/<strong>sdc</strong> <<EOF<br data-attributes="%20/">label: dos<br data-attributes="%20/">63,144522,0x0C,*<br data-attributes="%20/">160650,,,-<br data-attributes="%20/">EOF<br><br>sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/<strong>sdc1</strong> -n boot<br data-attributes="%20/"><br data-attributes="%20/">sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/<strong>sdc2</strong> -L rootfs<br><br>| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/<strong>sdc</strong> <<EOF<br data-attributes="%20/">label: dos<br data-attributes="%20/">16065,128520,0x0C,*<br data-attributes="%20/">144585,,,-<br data-attributes="%20/">EOF<br><br>sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/<strong>sdc1</strong> -n boot<br><br>sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/<strong>sdc2</strong> -L rootfs<br><br>|}
='''How to copy everything into the MicroSD Card<br />'''=
Once the MicroSD is completely prepared, it is time to copy the u-boot, kernel and root dile system to the MicroSD Card.
==U-Boot==
'''General processors<br />'''
===<span id="Create_the_BOOT_Partition_-_IGEP_Texas_Instruments_Processor_based" class="mwAfter build or download the MLO and u-headline">Create boot you should follow the BOOT Partition - IGEP Texas Instruments Processor based</span>===<u>This Step it's only for OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5432 processor based IGEP boards.</u>next steps:
The Next step it* Copy MLO and u-boot.img to primary into the 's create the partitions for it you should go to 'root folder'' of the '''boot partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:'''
<div class="center"pre><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div><cp [your_u-boot_directory]/div><u.boot.img /div><media/div><user/div>We will configure the partition as:boot
* Primary Partitioncp [your_u-boot_directory]/MLO /media/user/boot* Format: FAT32</pre>* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Free Space Preceding: 0 MiB* Label: You can follow this post [[The bootloader U-Boot* '''Align to: cylinder'''|U-boot Bootloader]] if you want build the MLO and u-boot
It is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you might get an error later.
===<span id="Create_the_BOOT_Partition_-_IGEP_NXP-Freescale_Processor_based" class="mw-headline">Create the BOOT Partition - IGEP NXP-'''Freescale Processor basedprocessors<br /span>===<u>This Step it's only for iMX6 processor based IGEP boards.</u>''
The Next step it's create the partitions for it you should go to the * Copy u-boot.imx using dd before primary partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:in raw mode as
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"pre><div classsudo dd if="magnify"></div><[your_u-boot_directory]/div><u-boot.imx of=/div><dev/div>[your_sd] bs=512 seek=2</divpre>We will configure You can follow this post [[The bootloader U-Boot|U-boot Bootloader]] you want build the partition as:u-boot.imx
* Primary Partition
* Format: FAT32
* Free Space Preceding: 8 MiB
* Size: 100 MegaBytes
* Label: Boot
* '''Align to: cylinder'''
'''How to configure Uenv<br />It is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you might get an error later.
===<span id="Create_the_ROOTFS_Partition" class="mw-headline">Create It is need to indicate how start the ROOTFS Partition</span>===The Next step boot. For this reason it's create will be created a file called uenv.txt with the root file system partitioncorrect configuration.
First you should select the unallocated partition area and then you should go We present two examples of help to start the partition menu and select the "New" option then system from the application show a window like this:MicroSD Card or from an nfs server.
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><* If we want boot from the bootable microSD Card. [http:/div></div><downloads.isee.biz/div><pub/div><relaunch/div>uenv.txt uenv.txt]We will configure the rootfs partition as* If we want boot from nfs server. [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/relaunch/uenv_nfs.txt uenv.txt]
* Primary Partition* Format: EXT4* Size: All the Rest* Label: Rootfs'''<br />'''These two examples have an ip address assigned to them that can be modified as you want.
At end we will click on "Add" button==Kernel==Kernel files, '''zImage '''and''' .dtb''', can be copied into the'' root folder'' of the''' boot partition'''
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div></div></div></div></div>or'''Kernel Modules''' have to be copied using the command indicated in the kernel compilation [[Linux Kernel 4.9.y|post]] into the '''rootfs partition'''.
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After all apply all changes
===<span id="Select_.22Boot_flag.22_for_the_boot_partition" class="mw-headline">Select "Boot flag" for the boot partition</span>===
Now we must select the boot flag for the first partition for it we use the right mouse button over the boot partition and select "Manage Flags" option
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div classRoot file System="thumbinner"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div><The root file system have to be extracted into the'' root folder'' of the '''rootfs''' '''partition'''. Where can be [http:/div></div><labs.isee.biz/div><index.php/div>Now we have the microsd prepared for copy the boot filesIGEP_Firmware_set-up downloaded here.]
=='''How to boot each part'''==
Now we will see where to put each part and how to.
==U-Boot==
How to record the U-Boot
==Root file System==
How to record the Root file System
==Kernel & Modules==[[Category:Boot loaders]]How to record the Kernel & Modules[[Category:Software]][[Category:Software distributions]]