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Prepare a bootable MicroSD Card

1,135 bytes added, 09:52, 1 July 2019
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==Introduction==
imagesThis page explain how to '''create a microSD card''' to boot IGEP boards with  '''software distributions ( yocto, Ubuntu, Debian ...)'''.
* Now we can see an image of which are the steps to boot any module.
With a general processor all start with MLO file and U-Boot.img. Also it is the same procedure for Freescale- NXP. If you want to see how to create these files follow this [[The bootloader U-Boot|link]].
Next step is that once the processor is initialized,call the linux kernel making the execution of  your operative system available. Finally your OS runs and you can initialize the board correctly   [[File:How_to_SD.PNG|center|772x332px]]   ===<span id="Texas_Instruments_Processors" class="mw-headline">General Processors</span>===<span class="mw-headline">Inside General processors we can find Texas Instruments</span> * The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions.* The first one must be primary partition with the boot flag mark and formated using FAT(16 or 32) file system.* All names used in this partition must be msdos names (applies to OLD OMAP35xx processor).* The processor must load a first program called '''MLO''', this program must reside in the first partition, this program it's also called '''x-loader or uboot-spl.''' ''The processor when boot ONLY load and execute the MLO program and ignore all the rest it's the X-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approach.''   {{Message/Information Message|title=TITLE|message= <span style="color: #000000;">Freescale has a different structure</span>}}   ===<span id="Freescale-NXP_Processors" class="mw-headline">Freescale-NXP Processors</span>===* The microsd card must be content at latest 1 partitions.* The primary partition can be formatted with any filesystem that u-boot can mount.* The Processor will load the '''u-boot.imx''' it include the SPL and u-boot. ''After load this u-boot.imx, u-boot will be ready for boot the kernel.'' Therefore, we are going to '''setup a microSD card with these requirements''' and '''install a custom software distribution''' into it.   ===<span id="Prerequisites" class="mw-headline">Prerequisites</span>===
* PC with Linux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)
* MicroSD Card (4 Gbytes - class 4) or bigger ...
* Cross Toolchain included in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS gcc version 4.9.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.3-13ubuntu2).
==<span id="ToolChain" class="mw-headline">ToolChain</span>==
* Read: [index.php/Ubuntu_16.04_LTS_Toolchain Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Toolchain]
==<span id="Preparing_the_microSD_card" class="mw-headline">Preparing the microSD card</span>==
Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using:
===<prespan id="ToolChain" class="mw-headline">sudo dmesg -cToolChain</prespan>===Now insert a new microsd card in your PC and then check your dmesg* Read:[[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Toolchain]]  
<prespan class="mw-headline">dmesgIn order to start developing with an IGEP PROCESSOR BOARD we can use a microSD Card to flash our system and boot from it. Most of the cases is the easiest way to boot a board.<br /pre>You should see something like this:</span>
<prespan class="mw-headline">mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0001mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 3.79 GiBmmcblk0: unknown partition tableThe following steps details how to prepare a booteable MicroSD Card</prespan>Ensure all in your microsd card it's erased:
$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1024 count=1024
[sudo] password for jdoe:
==<span class="mw-headline">Prepare a SD to boot</span>==
<div style="text-align: left;">{{Message/Information Message|message=The following steps has been tested using an Ubuntu 16.04}}</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">First of all it is important to detect which device is our microSD Card. In order to do that we can follow this instructions in a Linux terminal:</div>
<div style="text-align: left; padding-left: 30px;">'''1-''' Clean the ''dmesg'' information:</div>
sudo dmesg -c
'''2-''' Insert the microSD Card and show the ''dmesg'' information:
 
dmesg
The result have to be similar to this:
 
 
[[File:dev.png]]
 
<div style="text-align: left;">We can see the name of our device in the system: '''/dev/sdX''' where X is the character assigned by our system, in this case /dev/sdc'''.'''</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">Now we have to ensure that the MicroSD Card is completely clean. We can use the following command to do that:</div>
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=1024 count=1024
Where '''X''' is the character returned previously by your system, for example, in the previous situation:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=<span id="Install_GParted" class1024 count="mw1024Before use anyway of partition one good practise is unmount the dev where is inserted the SD. -headline">Install GParted<code>umount /spandev/sdx</code>===We will use the gparted program for create the partitions, if you don't have this program installed then you must install it with this command:
<pre>sudo apt-get install gparted</pre><span style="color: #ff0000;">Another method is using fdisk and creating directly two Now we are ready to create the corresponding partitions:</span>in our MicroSD Card.
<div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-nameHow to partition the MicroSD card=="code">===<span div style="colortext-align: #ff0000left;">Use sfdisk There are several ways to partition methoda MicroSD Card. In this post we are using the GParted tool that can be installed as:</spandiv>===<div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"><div id="highlighter_789287" class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash">{| class=" contenttable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"|sudo apt-get install gparted| class="code"|<div span class="container" title="Hint: doublemw-click to select codeheadline"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">sfdisk </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/</code><code class="bash plain"><your_sd> <<EOF</code>Other tools as sfdisk and mkfs are useful too.</span>
<span class="mw-headline">It is important to difference between a MicroSD Card for a NXP processor and the other cases. The process of partition is similar but, in the case of NXP chips, there exists some differences. </span>
==='''<div span class="line number2 index1 alt1mw-headline">Using Gparted:</span style>'''==={| class="color: #ff0000;contenttable sortable">|-!|====='''GENERAL CASE'''=====!|====='''NXP PROCESSORS'''=====|-||'''1- '''Select the corresponding device||'''1- '''Select the corresponding device|-||<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">label[[File: dos</code>1.png|429x186px]]</span></div>||<div span class="line number3 index2 alt2mw-headline"><span style="color[[File: #ff0000;"><code class="bash plain">16065,128520,0x0C,*</code>1.png|413x179px]]</span></div>|-||'''2- '''Create a partition table||'''2- '''Create a partition table|-||<div span class="line number4 index3 alt1mw-headline">[[File:2.png|430x202px]]</span style="color: #ff0000;"><code span class="bash plainmw-headline">144585,,,-</code>[[File:SD4.png|433x298px]]</span></div>||<div span class="line number5 index4 alt2mw-headline">[[File:2.png|418x197px]]</span style="color: #ff0000;"><code span class="bash plainmw-headline">EOF</code>[[File:SD4.png|431x297px]]</span></div></div></div>|-|}|'''</div></div></div><div span class="code panel pdl confmw-macro output-blockheadline" data>3-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code"</span>'''<div span class="codeHeader panelHeader pdlmw-headline">Create a FAT32 '''Define partitionsboot '''partition</divspan>||<div span class="codeContent panelContent pdlmw-headline">'''3- '''Create a FAT32 '''boot '''partition '''leaving 8MB before'''<div id="highlighter_144340" class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash"/span>{| class=" contenttable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
| class="code"|<div span class="container" title="Hint: doublemw-click to select code"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2headline"><code class="bash plain">$ [[File:2.png|432x203px]]</codespan><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">mkfs[[File:fat32_c121.vfat -F 32 </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/</code><code class="bash plain"><your_sd_partition1> -n boot</code>png|429x293px]]
We will configure the partition as:
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash plain">mkfs.ext3 </code><code class="bash plain">/dev/</code><code class="bash plain"><your_sd_partition2> -L rootfs</code></div>* Free Space Preceding: 1MB</div>* Primary Partition<* File system/div>Format: FAT32|}</div>* Size: 100 MB</div>* Label: '''Boot'''</div>Then you only have to use dd command in order to copy the u-boot.imx * '''Align to the SD card.: cylinder'''
||<uspan class="mw-headline">'''Please, be sure you have write correctly the following command because in if not, it can corrupt your computer[[File:2.'''png|432x203px]]</uspan>[[File:im_1.png|425x290px]]
We will configure the partition as:
* Free Space Preceding: '''8MB'''
* Primary Partition
* File system/ Format: FAT32
* Size: 100 MB
* Label: '''Boot'''
* '''Align to: cylinder'''
<div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code"><div class="codeHeader panelHeader pdl">'''u-boot.imx copy'''</div>
<div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"><div id="highlighter_550267" class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash">
{| class=" contenttable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
| |'''<span class="codemw-headline"|>4- </span>'''<div span class="container" title="Hint: doublemw-click to select codeheadline">Create a ext4 '''rootfs '''partition<div /span>||'''<span class="line number1 index0 alt2mw-headline">4- </span>'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">$ Create a ext4 '''rootfs '''partition</codespan>|-||[[File:fat32_c2.png|407x279px]]'''7-''' Check the results are similar to the followings:||[[File:fat32_c2.png|407x279px]]|-||'''<code span class="bash functionsmw-headline">sudo5- </codespan> '''<code span class="bash functionsmw-headline">ddApply changes<br /></codespan> ||'''<code span class="bash keywordmw-headline">if5- </codespan>'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">=Apply changes</span>|-||'''<your_uspan class="mw-boot_directoryheadline">[[File:fat32_c3.png|411x279px]]</codespan>'''||[[File:im_2.png|403x275px]]|-||'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">/u6-boot</codespan>'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">.imx of=Set boot flag to boot partition</codespan>||'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline">/dev/6- </codespan>'''<code span class="bash plainmw-headline"><your_sd> bs=512 seek=2Set boot flag to boot partition</codespan>|-||[[File:fat32_c4.png|411x278px]] [[File:fat32_c5.png|432x291px]]
||
[[File:IM_25.png|414x281px]]
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sync</code></div></div></div>[[File:fat32_c5.png|}</div></div></div>For example431x291px]]
<div class="code panel pdl conf-macro output-block" data-hasbody="true" data-macro-name="code"><div class="codeHeader panelHeader pdl">'''u-boot.imx copy'''</div>
<div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"><div id="highlighter_209438" class="syntaxhighlighter sh-eclipse nogutter bash">
{| class=" contenttable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
| class="code"|<div class="container" title="Hint'''7-''' Check the results are similar to the followings: double||'''7-click ''' Check the results are similar to select code"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sudo</code> <code class="bash functions">dd</code> <code class="bash keyword">if</code><code class="bash plain">=</code><code class="bash plain">/home/user/Project/uthe followings:|-boot/u-boot</code><code class="bash plain">||[[File:fat32_c6.png|434x294px]]||[[File:im_3.imx of=</code><code class="bash plain">/dev/sdd</code> <code class="bash plain">bs=512 seek=2</code>png|438x301px]]|}
'''<span class="mw-headline">By doing that we will have ready the microSD Card in order to copy our files.</span>'''
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="bash plain">$ </code><code class="bash functions">sync</code></div>
</div>
</div>
|}</div>
</div>
</div>
==<span id="GParted_and_Creation_of_Partitions" class="mw-headline">GParted and Creation of Partitions'''Using SFDISK & MKFS<br /span>'''===When Another method is to use the following commands in order to prepare the microSD card. These commands will perform the install procedure ends you can call same operations that in the program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal consoleprevious part.
<div {| class="centercontenttable sortable" style="width: 890px;"|-! style="width: 431.367px;"|GENERAL CASE! style="width: 436.633px;"|NXP PROCESSORS|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/ <<EOF<br>label: dos<br>63,144522,0x0C,*<div classbr>160650,,,-<br>EOF| style="thumb tnonewidth: 436.633px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/ <<EOF<br>label: dos<br>16065,128520,0x0C,*<div classbr>144585,,,-<br>EOF|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/ -n boot| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/ -n boot|-| style="width: 431.367px;"| sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ -L rootfs| style="width: 436.633px;"| sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ -L rootfs|-| style="width: 431.367px;"|'''For example:'''| style="width: 436.633px;"|'''For example:'''|-| style="thumbinnerwidth: 431.367px;"| sudo sfdisk /dev/<strong>sdc</strong>[[]]<div class<EOF<br data-attributes="thumbcaption%20/">label: dos<div classbr data-attributes="magnify%20/">63,144522,0x0C,*<br data-attributes="%20/div">160650,,,-<br data-attributes="%20/div">EOF<br><br>sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/div<strong>sdc1</divstrong>-n boot<br data-attributes="%20/div">==<br data-attributes="%20/">sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/<strong>sdc2</strong> -L rootfs<br><span idbr>| style="Create_the_MSDOSwidth: 436.C2.A0Partition_Table633px;" class| sudo sfdisk /dev/<strong>sdc</strong> <<EOF<br data-attributes="mw-headline%20/">Create the MSDOS Partition Tablelabel: dos<br data-attributes="%20/span">16065,128520,0x0C,*<br data-attributes===The next step it's create the msdos table partition for it you should click in the "Device%20/" menu and then in the >144585,,,-<br data-attributes="Create Partition Table%20/" option>EOF<br><br>sudo mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/<strong>sdc1</strong> -n boot<br><br>sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/<strong>sdc2</strong> -L rootfs<br><br>|}
<div class="center">'''How to copy everything into the MicroSD Card<div class="thumb tnone"br /><div class="thumbinner">[[]]<div class="thumbcaption"><div class'''="magnify"></div></div></div></div></div>Check Once the default option MicroSD is completely prepared, it's create a msdos partition tableis time to copy the u-boot, kernel and root dile system to the MicroSD Card.
After that you can ==U-Boot=='''ApplyGeneral processors<br />'''.
After build or download the MLO and u-boot you should follow the next steps:
===<span id="Create_the_BOOT_Partition_* Copy MLO and u-_IGEP_Texas_Instruments_Processor_based" class="mw-headline">Create boot.img to primary into the ''root folder'' of the BOOT Partition - IGEP Texas Instruments Processor based</span>===<u>This Step it's only for OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5432 processor based IGEP boards.</u>''boot partition'''
The Next step it's create the partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:<pre>cp [your_u-boot_directory]/u.boot.img /media/user/boot
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner">[cp [your_u-boot_directory]]<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div><MLO /div><media/div><user/div>boot</divpre>We will configure You can follow this post [[The bootloader U-Boot|U-boot Bootloader]] if you want build the partition as:MLO and u-boot
* Primary Partition
* Format: FAT32
* Size: 100 MegaBytes
* Free Space Preceding: 0 MiB
* Label: Boot
* '''Align to: cylinder'''
It is recommended to '''apply changesFreescale processors<br />''' now or you might get an error later.
===<span id="Create_the_BOOT_Partition_-_IGEP_NXP-Freescale_Processor_based" class="mw* Copy u-headline">Create the BOOT Partition - IGEP NXP-Freescale Processor based</span>===<u>This Step it's only for iMX6 processor based IGEP boardsboot.</u>imx using dd before primary partition in raw mode as
<pre>sudo dd if=/[your_u-boot_directory]/u-boot.imx of=/dev/[your_sd] bs=512 seek=2</pre>You can follow this post [[The Next step it's create the partitions for it bootloader U-Boot|U-boot Bootloader]] you should go to want build the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:u-boot.imx
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner">[[]]<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>
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We will configure the partition as:
* Primary Partition* Format: FAT32* Free Space Preceding: 8 MiB* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Label: Boot* '''Align How to: cylinderconfigure Uenv<br />'''
<br />It is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you might get an error laterneed to indicate how start the boot. For this reason it will be created a file called uenv.txt with the correct configuration.
===<span id="Create_the_ROOTFS_Partition" class="mw-headline">Create We present two examples of help to start the ROOTFS Partition</span>===The Next step it's create system from the root file system partitionMicroSD Card or from an nfs server.
First you should select * If we want boot from the unallocated partition area and then  you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like thisbootable microSD Card. [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/relaunch/uenv.txt uenv.txt]* If we want boot from nfs server. [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/relaunch/uenv_nfs.txt uenv.txt]
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner">[[]]<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div></div></div></div></div>We will configure the rootfs partition These two examples have an ip address assigned to them that can be modified as:you want.
* Primary Partition==Kernel==* Format: EXT4* Size: All Kernel files, '''zImage '''and''' .dtb''', can be copied into the'' root folder'' of the Rest* Label: Rootfs'''<br />boot partition'''
At end we will click on "Add" button'''Kernel Modules''' have to be copied using the command indicated in the kernel compilation [[Linux Kernel 4.9.y|post]] into the '''rootfs partition'''. 
<div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner">[[]]<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>
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or
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After all apply all changes
===<span id="Select_.22Boot_flag.22_for_the_boot_partition" class="mw-headline">Select "Boot flag" for the boot partition</span>=Root file System==Now we must select The root file system have to be extracted into the boot flag for '' root folder''  of the first '''rootfs''' '''partition for it we use the right mouse button over the boot partition and select "Manage Flags" option'''. Where can be [http://labs.isee.biz/index.php/IGEP_Firmware_set-up downloaded here.]
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Now we have the microsd prepared for copy the boot files
==How to boot each part==
Now we will see where to put each part and how to.
==U-Boot==
How to record the U-Boot
==Root file System==
How to record the Root file System
==Kernel & Modules==[[Category:Boot loaders]]How to record the Kernel & Modules[[Category:Software]][[Category:Software distributions]]
Francesc Megias
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