= Overview =This how to explains how to '''create a microSD card''' to boot IGEP boards with '''software distributions ( yocto, Ubuntu, Debian ...)'''.
This how to explains how to '''create a customized microSD card''' to boot IGEPv2 or IGEP COM MODULE with other '''software distributions (Including Ubuntu, Linaro ...)'''. __TOC__
That is==Theory==OMAP35xx, '''you DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5, iMX6 processors can boot your from a microSD. All IGEP Processor Boards with a different distribution''' than boards use the microSD card as highest boot priority, it means that the processor try to boot from the microsd card before try to boot from other devices such the pre-installed by ISEE (manufacturer)OneNand, Nand, SSD or eMMC.
<br> {{Message/Information Message|message=To update your board with the latest version of the '''pre-installed software''' you can follow the article: [[Update the PRE-INSTALLED software image Exist some rules to boot from a current release]]microSD card.}}
<br> __TOC__ ===Texas Instruments Processors===* The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions.* The first one must be primary partition with the boot flag mark and formated using FAT(16 or 32) file system.* All names used in this partition must be msdos names (applies to OLD OMAP35xx processor).* The processor must load a first program called '''MLO''', this program must reside in the first partition, this program it's also called '''x-loader or uboot-spl.'''
<br> ''The processor when boot ONLY load and execute the MLO program and ignore all the rest it's the X-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approach.''
== Theory =Freescale-NXP Processors===* The microsd card must be content at latest 1 partitions.* The primary partition can be formatted with any filesystem that u-boot can mount.* The Processor will load the '''u-boot.imx''' it include the SPL and u-boot.
OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x or OMAP5 processors can ''After load this u-boot from a microSD. All IGEP boards use the microSD card as highest boot priorityimx, it means that the processor try to u-boot from the microsd card before try to will be ready for boot from other devices such the OneNand, Nand, SSD or eMMCkernel. ''
There exist some rules Therefore, we are going to boot from '''setup a microSD cardwith these requirements''' and '''install a custom software distribution''' into it.
*The microsd card must be content at latest 2 partitions. ==Prerequisites==*The first one must be primary partition PC with the boot flag mark and formated using FATLinux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 16 or 32.04 LTS) file system. *All names used in this partition must be msdos names MicroSD Card (if you use old OMAP3 processor4 Gbytes - class 4)or bigger ...*The processor must load a first program called '''MLO'''Tools such, this program must reside fdisk, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.vfat, gparted ...* Cross Toolchain included in the first partition, this program it's also called '''xUbuntu 16.04 LTS gcc version 4.9.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.9.3-loader or uboot-spl13ubuntu2).'''
''The processor ONLY load and execute the MLO program and ignore all the rest it's the X-loader(MLO) the program responsible to load the next programs such kernel or uboot if you use this last one approach==ToolChain==* Read: [[Ubuntu 16.'' 04 LTS Toolchain]]
Therefore, we are going to '''setup a ==Preparing the microSD card with these requirements''' and '''install a custom software distribution''' into it. <br> == Prerequisites == *PC with Linux (We use for this how to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS) *MicroSD Card (4 Gbytes - class 4) or bigger ...*Tools such, fdisk, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.vfat, gparted ... *ToolChain. <br> == ToolChain<br> == We will use the Ubuntu/Linaro Toolchain in this howto. Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using:
You can install it using synaptic package manager.
[[Image:LinaroUbuntu ToolChain.png|center|544x344px]]
= Preparing the microSD card =
Open a terminal window and clear your dmesg using:
<pre>sudo dmesg -c</pre>
Now insert a new microsd card in your PC and then check your dmesg:
<pre>dmesg</pre>
You should see something like this:
<pre>mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0001
mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 00000 3.79 GiB
mmcblk0: unknown partition table
</pre> Ensure all in your microsd card it's erased:<br>
<pre>$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=1024 count=1024
[sudo] password for jdoe:
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.43556 s, 2.4 MB/s</pre>
== Install GParted ==We will use the gparted program for create the partitions, if you don't have this program installed then you must install it with this command:
We will use the gparted program for create the partitions, if you don't have this program installed then you must install it with this command:
<pre>sudo apt-get install gparted</pre>
== GParted and Creation of Partitions ==
When the install procedure ends you can call the program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal console.
==GParted and Creation of Partitions= [[Image:Gparted initial=When the install procedure ends you can call the program from your system tools menu or directly using a terminal console.png|thumb|center]]Create the MSDOS Partition Table ===
The next step it's create the msdos table partition for it you should click in the "Device" menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" option[[Image:Gparted initial. png|thumb|center]]
[[Image:Gparted create msdos table partition.png|thumb|center]]Check ===Create the default option MSDOS Partition Table===The next step it's create a the msdos table partition tablefor it you should click in the "Device" menu and then in the "Create Partition Table" option.<br>
After that you can '''Apply''[[Image:Gparted create msdos table partition.png|thumb|center]]Check the default option it's create a msdos partition table.
After that you can '''Apply'''.
=== Create the BOOT Partition ===
The Next step it's create the partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:
[[Image:Gparted create first partition===Create the BOOT Partition - IGEP Texas Instruments Processor based===<u>This Step it's only for OMAP35xx, DM37xx, AM335x, OMAP5432 processor based IGEP boards.png|thumb|center]]We will configure the partition as:<br/u>
*Primary Partition<br> *Format: FAT32<br> *Size: 100 MegaBytes<br> *Label: Boot<br> *''The Next step it'Align s create the partitions for it you should go tothe partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this: cylinder'''
<br> [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]]We must "add" will configure the partition and gparted shows a partitions structure like thisas:
[[Image* Primary Partition* Format:Gparted configure boot partition.png|thumb|center]] FAT32* Size: 100 MegaBytes* Free Space Preceding: 0 MiB* Label: Boot* '''Align to: cylinder'''
It is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you might get an error later.
===Create the BOOT Partition - IGEP NXP-Freescale Processor based===
<u>This Step it's only for iMX6 processor based IGEP boards.</u>
=== Create The Next step it's create the ROOTFS Partition ===partitions for it you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:
The Next step it's create the root file system partition[[File:imx6-primary-part. png|thumb|center]]
First you should select the unallocated partition area and then you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:<br> [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]] We will configure the rootfs partition as:<br>
*Primary Partition<br> *Format: EXT4<br> FAT32* Free Space Preceding: 8 MiB*Size: All the Rest<br> 100 MegaBytes*Label: RootfsBoot* '''<br>Align to: cylinder'''
At end we will click on "Add" button.
[[Image:Gparted all configuredIt is recommended to '''apply changes''' now or you might get an error later.png|thumb|center]]
===Create the ROOTFS Partition===
The Next step it's create the root file system partition.
=== Apply all Changes ===First you should select the unallocated partition area and then you should go to the partition menu and select the "New" option then the application show a window like this:<br /> [[Image:Gparted create first partition.png|thumb|center]] We will configure the rootfs partition as:
Click on apply button in * Primary Partition* Format: EXT4* Size: All the main menu after that gparted show a window like this for confirm all operations Rest* Label: Rootfs'''<br />'''
[[Image:Gparted apply changes.png|thumb|center]]We should At end we will click on apply "Add" button.
[[Image:Gparted apply informationall configured.png|thumb|center]]When the process finish we can see all changes applied
[[Image:Gparted operations complete.png|thumb|center]] or
Now we can see all partitions and configurations done in the main gparted window [[File:imx6_str.png|thumb|center]]
=== [[Image:Gparted partitions done.png|thumb|center]]Select "Boot flag" for the boot partition ===After all apply all changes
===Select "Boot flag" for the boot partition===Now we must select the boot flag for the first partition for it we use the right mouse button over the boot partition and select "Manage Flags" option
[[Image:Gparted boot flag.png|thumb|center]]Now we have the microsd prepared for copy the boot files
==MLO + u-boot IGEP Boards Texas Instruments based boards==
After build or download the MLO and u-boot you should follow the next steps:
== Boot Partition Structure == We commented in the theory point the OMAP needs only the * Copy MLO (xand u-loader) file for boot, we will start checking this point. Before you follow the next points you should mount the microsd boot partition in your host pc. Select the img to primary boot partition and mount it in your host. [[Image:Microsd partitions.png|thumb|center]] <br>
== X-Loader ( $ cp MLO) u- IGEPv2 boot.img /media/user/bootYou can follow this [[U- IGEP COM Module Boot Texas Instruments Series|HowTo]] if you want build the MLO and u- IGEP COM Proton<br> ==boot
You can follow this other howto about the [[The IGEP X==u-loader|boot.imx IGEPBoards based on NXP-XFreescale Processors==* Copy u-loader]]boot. <pre>We will compile the sources and get it from our git repository:imx using dd before primary partition in raw mode as
$ sudo dd if=/home/jdoe> git clone git:user/u-boot-imx/gitu-boot.isee.bizimx of=/dev/pubsde bs=512 seek=2Where /scmdev/igep-x-loader.gitsde is your microsd card
$/home/jdoe> cd igepYou can follow this [[U-xboot Freescale-loaderNXP iMX6 Series|HowTo ]]if you want build the u-boot.imx
$/home/jdoe/igep-x-loader> make igep00x0_config CROSS_COMPILE=<put here your cross compiler>=Kernel==You can follow this other howto about [[The Linux kernel|how compile and install the Linux Kernel]].
$==Root File System==In this tutorial we will use the [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/files/homelinaro/jdoereleases/igeplinaro-m-headless-tar-x20101108-loader> make CROSS_COMPILE=2.tar.gz linaro headless]<nbsp;put here (soft floating) image as rootfs but you can use your cross compiler>favorite rootfs also.
Starting from version 2.5 it<br /> {{Message/Information Message|message=Here there are many articles about how to get ''s not necesary sign the MLO due the build system generate directly the MLO fileif you're using a old version then you must sign it asmany other [[:Category:Software distributions|software distributions]]'''.}}
$/home/jdoe/igep-x-loader> contrib/signGP<br /pre> Alternatively Here you can download 've the binary package from [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linaro/releases/IGEP_xloader/igeplinaro-11.09-nano-n-xtar-loader20110929-2.5.0-2.tar.bz2 heregz linaro nano 11.09] (soft floating) available for download from the ISEE server.
If you're using 2.5.0.x x-loader copy directly Notes: You must build your programs with the MLO to hard floating if your boot partion or if you use older version then follow the next instructions: rootfs is build with it.
<br> Notes: IGEPv5 must use Hard floating Rootfs
Copy the x-loader.bin.ift into the boot partition.
[[Image:Copy Xloader.png|thumb|center]]
Rename ===Create the xRootfs mount point===Go to /media directory and create one sub-loader.bin.ift to MLO<br> folder called "binary"
[[Image:Rename Xloader to MLO.png|thumb|center]]Now we're ready for test the board boot from the microsd card.
<br>
=== X-Loader Boot ===
We will eject the boot and rootfs partitions from our Host PC, this step it's a lot important due the Linux must sync all changes before eject the microsd card.
We will insert our microSD card into the IGEP board, connect the serial debug cable and open the serial terminal
[[Image:Putty Serial Configuration.png|thumb|center]]Power UP the board.
[[Image:IGEP-X-Loader Boot.png|thumb|center]]
<br>
=== Configure the IGEP-X-Loader with igep.ini ===
You can use a file like this:
<pre>[kernel]
; Kernel load address, NOT Modify
kaddress=0x80008000
; RAM disk load Address, NOT Modify
;rdaddress=0x84000000
; Board Serial ID
serial.low=00000001
serial.high=00000000
; Board Revision
revision=0003
; Kernel Image Name
kImageName=zImage
; Kernel RAM Disk Image Name
;kRdImageName=initrd.img-2.6.35-1010-linaro-omap
MachineID=xxxx Where Machine ID = 2344 for IGEPv2, ID = 2717 for IGEP COM Module, ID = 3203 for IGEP COM PROTON
; Mode can be: kernel (boot linux kernel) or binary (boot u-boot, QNX kernel or other binary ARM executable)
Mode=kernel
[kparams]
; buddy parameter selects your expansion board
; buddy = igep0022 (IGEPv2 Expansion board)
; buddy = base0010 (IGEP PARIS or IGEP BERLIN Expansion Board)
; buddy.revision = A or B (Selects Expansion board Revision IGEP Paris or IGEP Berlin only, if you dubt select B)
;buddy=igep0022
;buddy=base0010
;buddy.revision=B
; Setup the Kernel console params
; console= Configure the kernel console (ttyS2 kernel <= 2.6.35 ttyO2 if kernel >= 2.6.37)
;console=ttyS2,115200n8
console=ttyO2,115200n8
; Enable early printk
;earlyprintk=serial,ttyS2,115200
; Setup the Board Memory Configuration
mem=430M
;mem=512M
; Setup the Boot Delay
boot_delay=0
; Setup the ARM Processor Speed
;mpurate=800
; Setup the loglevel
;loglevel=7
; Enable Kernel Debug Output
;debug=1
; Fix RTC Variable
;fixrtc=1
; Configure nocompcache variable
nocompcache=1
; Configure Frame Buffer Configuration
;omapfb.mode=dvi:1280x720MR-16@60
omapfb.mode=dvi:hd720-16@60
; Configure Video Ram assigned
vram=40M
; Configure Video RAM assigned to every frame buffer
omapfb.vram=0:12M,1:16M,2:12M
; Configure frame buffer debug output
;omapfb.debug=1
; Configure DSS Video Debug option
;omapdss.debug=1
; Configure the Board Ethernet Mac Address
smsc911x.mac=0xb2,0xb0,0x14,0xb5,0xcd,0xde
; --- Configure UBI FS boot ---
;ubi.mtd=2
;root=ubi0:igep0020-rootfs
;rootfstype=ubifs
; --- Configure NFS boot ---
;ip=192.168.2.123:192.168.2.129:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:
;root=/dev/nfs
;nfsroot=192.168.2.129:/srv/nfs/igep_rootfs
; --- Configure MMC boot ---
root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait
; Assign Init program
;init=/bin/bash
</pre>
Create a new file into the boot partition named igep.ini with these content and save the file.
== MLO + uboot - IGEP COM AQUILA, IGEPv5 ==
You can find more detailed information about the build procedure on this other [[U-Boot 2014.01.y|howto]]<br>
<pre>git clone git://git.isee.biz/pub/scm/u-boot-arm.git
cd u-boot-arm/
</pre>
<span style="line-height: 1.5em;">If you're using IGEPv5 board you should checkout this one:</span>
<pre>git checkout origin/u-boot-2014.01.y-omap5 -b u-boot-2014.01.y-omap5
make omap5-igep0050_config CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-
</pre>
Or if you're using IGEP COM Aquila:<br>
<pre>git checkout origin/u-boot-2013.07.y -b u-boot-2013.07.y.local
make igep0033_config CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-</pre>
After configuration you can build it with:
<pre>make CROSS_COMPILE=<set here your cross compiler></pre>
The build generate two files:
MLO and u-boot.img, you must copy both file into your boot partition.
== Kernel ==
You can follow this other howto about [[The Linux kernel|how compile and install the Linux Kernel]].
We will get from our git repository the kernel sources and build it:<br>
<pre>a) Clone the Kernel git repository
$/home/jdoe/> git clone git://git.igep.es/pub/scm/linux-omap-2.6.git
$/home/jdoe> cd linux-omap-2.6
b) Checkout your desired branch (we used for this howto 2.6.37.y)
$/home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> git checkout origin/linux-2.6.37.y -b linux-2-6-37.y
c) Configure the kernel
$/home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- igep00x0_defconfig
d) Build the kernel and Modules
$/home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- zImage modules
</pre>
Notes: The kernel binary resides inside the directory: $/home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6/arch/arm/boot/'''zImage'''
<br>
Alternatively you can download the kernel binary from this [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/releases/linux_kernel/v2.6.37-3/zImage-2.6.37-3.bin link] and modules from [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/releases/linux_kernel/v2.6.37-3/modules-2.6.37-3.tar.gz this].
== Root File System ==
In this tutorial we will use the [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linaro/releases/linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz linaro headless] image as rootfs but you can use your favorite rootfs also.
{{Message/Information Message|message=Here there are many articles about how to get '''many other [[:Category:Software distributions|software distributions]]'''.}}
Here you've the [http://downloads.isee.biz/pub/files/linaro/releases/linaro-11.09-nano-n-tar-20110929-0.tar.gz linaro nano 11.09] available for download from the ISEE server.
=== Create the Rootfs mount point ===
Go to /media directory and create one sub-folder called "binary"
<pre>$ cd /media
$ sudo mkdir binary
</pre>
===Mount the RootFS partition===
Mount the rootfs partition using the 'binary' directory
=== Mount the RootFS partition ===
Mount the rootfs partition using the 'binary' directory
<pre>$ media > sudo mount /dev/mmcblkp2 /media/binary
</pre>
=== Untar the rootfs package ===Copy "linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz" file inside the /media directory and untar the file
Copy "linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz" file inside the /media directory and untar the file <pre>$ media > sudo tar xvfz linaro-m-headless-tar-20101108-2.tar.gz</pre> <br
/> Now you should see inside your rootfs partition a similar structure like this.
<br> === [[Image:Linaro RootFS.png|thumb|center]]Install the kernel modules<br> ===Now you should install your kernel modules inside your root file system.
Now you should install your kernel modules inside your root file system.<br>
<pre>$ media > cd /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6
$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/media/binary
</pre>
Alternatively if you downloaded the binary package uncompress it inside the directory /media/binary
=== Install the kernel Image<br> ===Just copy the zImage inside your boot partition, remember before that you must mount your mmc boot partition.
Just copy the zImage inside your boot partition, remember before that you must mount your mmc boot partition.<br>
<pre>$ /home/jdoe/linux-omap-2.6> sudo cp arch/arm/boot/zImage /media/boot/
</pre> After that if you're using dtb kernel as 3.8.y you can unmount must copy the boot dtb too.$ /home/jdoe/linuz-omap-2.6&gt; rootfs partitionssudo cp arch/arm/boot/dtbs/omap5-igep0050. dtb /media/boot
Now we're ready for test our new microsd card<br/pre>After that you can unmount the boot & rootfs partitions.
= Test your Now we're ready for test our new MicroSD<br> =microsd card
=Test your new MicroSD=
You can test your new microSD card with a Serial client such as PuTTy. [[Using serial debug port to communicate|Here]] is an explanation about how to configure it.
(Note that speed should be configured to 115200 bauds).
If you already have configured it or you are using another Serial client and you have connected the Serial cable to the IGEPv2 board, then you are ready to test your microSD.
Insert the microSD in your IGEPv2 board and power up the board.
[[Image:Linaro Boot1.png|thumb|center]][[Image:Linaro Boot2.png|thumb|center]]
= Related articles =
=Related articles=*[[Boot up sequence]]*[[Update the PRE-INSTALLED software image to a current release]]*[[The Linux kernel]]
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